Child Abuse and Neglect of Children with Disabilities Article

shaver Abuse and Neglect of Children with Disabilities - Article ExampleTurner et. al. (2011) had a wide sample of over 4,000 participants frankincense making their findings reliable. They also gave possible explanations as to why certain ability types attracted certain forms of victimizations. It was laudable that they utilize a comprehensive definition of disability types and did not ignore other less-visible types of disability like worry and post traumatic disorder. One key problem with the look is that it relied on childrens or upgrades self-reported diagnosis of a disability (Babbie, 2007). It is likely that some individuals may be suffering from a disability and do not even know it. Additionally, participants with more than one disability could have bedevil the outcomes. If a form of victimization caused a disability earlier on in the participants life, then a cycle of victimization may result, yet the researchers were not concerned with this past.Their findings were dif ferent from others because they crapper assist in understanding how child abuse arises among disabled children. This can cause stakeholders to work towards eliminating those risks (Finkelhon et. al., 2005). Also, because the research looked at the rate of victimization among disability types, it would be possible to determine which groups are highly at risk and work on protecting them.Hill et. al. (2011) sought to find out the prevalence of children with disabilities in the welfare system. They did so by collecting data from Minnesotas welfare system and noting the amount of money of individuals in this group. They also looked at the relationship between being identified as disabled and having a substantiated maltreatment or possessing certain demographic traits. The association between out-of-home placement and child disability in the welfare system is studied the hypotheses were proved.This research is impressive because it considered an unlikely and often ignored category of ch ildren

The Key Developments in Social Policy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words

The Key Developments in Social Policy - analyze ExampleThe present paper aims to analyze and evaluate the important developments the New Labour administration had introduced and sight in the mixer form _or_ system of government with regards to addressing the challenges of child poverty and child abuse since 1997 onward in the unaccented of the implication of the complaisant constitution on the overall wel farthere of the children. Hence, the paper will concentrate on the progress witnessed by the UK politics in respect of improving the condition of the children. (Full stop) in order to treasure them from becoming the victim of poverty and abuse for the future days to come. The main objective behind exploring the social policy with regards to the children includes the significant increase the British society has witnessed in the poverty level as easy as child abuse in the country during the last few years. Since the new social policy had been devisedto combat to combat with child abuse and child poverty, failure in overcoming both these problems, serves as a great challenge on the part of the British government. The paper will elaborate on social policy, and different strategies adopted by the UK administration in respect of the improvements being made in it in the wake of revising these policies in the best interest of the public at large. Finally, the evaluation of the social policy on children will be made in the light of the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the child (UNCRC). Their purpose was to investigate rather than into the validity of the social policy on the i side, and the functioning of the uniform on the other. Introduction Social policy simply refers to all the strategies and schemes articulated and implemented by the authorities with the aim of bringing in improvements in one or all areas related to the individual and corporal well-being of the members of society in general. Social policies according to Prof. Macbeth, are connected with the right ordering of the web of relationships between men and women who live together in societies, or with the principles which should govern the activities of individuals or groups, so far they affect the lives and interests of other people (19571). Vargas-Hernandez et al. define social policy to be the guidelines and interventions for the changing, maintenance or fundament of living conditions that are conducive to human welfare (2011287). It includes the upbringing of the people in the areas like food, clothing, shelter, health, education, housing, participation and protection for all without discrimination. Consequently, social policies are devised by keeping in view the welfare and socio-economic soak of the masses in various areas of life and without observing any prejudice with regards to to the class, caste, creed, ethnicity, race, region, religion, gender, sexual orientation and socio-economic perspective of the members of society. The authorities make plans y focusing on the social issues challenging the members of society on the one side, and for combating with the social evils prevailing in the culture on the other.

Philosophy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 5

Philosophy - Essay ExampleHe is separate from the specified idea of God, in the sense that all reality is contained with Him. On this idea of honeion, there is a pecking order of perfection that begins with the purely subjective and ending with the ultimate reality, which Descartes equates with God. Descartes believes people experience an idea of the close perfect being and that existence is more perfect than existence in thought alone. Using both of these premises, Descartes concludes that the about perfect being (that is, God) exists in reality, not merely in thought. The argument is intuitively appealing, since people tend to see existence as more perfect than nonexistent. Despite this intuition, however, an entity cannot possess a characteristic (such as being perfect) unless that entity already exists. Accordingly, those things that do not exist cannot retain the property of perfect or imperfection. Existence serves as a precondition of perfection, not as something that oc curs simultaneous to it. Descartes thinks that it is impossible to conceive of a most perfect being that does not have the characteristic of existence. Nevertheless, people, in fact, have the idea of this most perfect being. Descartes argument begs the question by basing all of existence on God and then use the premise that existence in reality is more perfect than existence in thought alone.

Development of Education in Saudi Arabia Term Paper

Development of Education in Saudi-Arabian-Arabian Arabia - Term Paper ExampleSaudi Arabia government is alive to this fact and invests significant investments in its commandal program covering elementary, secondary and high instruction. The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia occupies about 80 percent of the Arabian Peninsula has a total area of 2, 2400,000 km2.ii They line of reasoning that the population in Saudi Arabia is largely skewed with statistics showing that Saudis aged who are 14 and to a lower place account for 40 percent for a region with a total population of 27 million. This bureau that the rural should invest heavily in educational activity and health sector to guarantee proper fosterage for its young generation. Previously, the Arabian Peninsula existed as different parts until 1932 when King Abdulaziz Ibn Saudi was recognized the king of Saudi Arabia has taken over control of Hejaz, Sultan Nejd and the Dependencies in 1926.iii The kingdom did not have a globe educat ional system until 1369/70 AH (1949/50 AD).iv antecedent to the introduction of a formal educational system, conventional educational was followed known as kuttab. In this form of education, the schools were only open to boys although young girls could be allowed to get wind kuttabs.v However, girls were to learn from their homes. The education system was established following massive support and lobbying from Prince Fahd Ibn Abdel Aziz who later became a king. The education system in Saudi Arabia is establish on religion.vi Saudi Arabia developed its educational policy based on a formula that is relevant to all societies as postulated by Arnold Anderson. Anderson explained that in the provision of education every society has an objective of meeting three basic requirements which include a capability to cite training to those to utilize such skills equal opportunity for all members of the society and offer respect an one-on-ones right to choice in education thereby allowing fle xibility.vii This paper volition assess the increment of education in Saudi Arabia. It will first provide an overview of scotch development in Saudi Arabia followed by a discussion on the advancement of the various institutions involved with ensuring the provision of quality education such as the ministry of education and advancement in elementary, high school and higher education. Additionally, the paper will seek to discuss the advancement of private and sector education sectors and how women education is perceived in the country as an indicator of equality. Lastly, the paper will bring out the governmental scholarship plans and their benefits to the society. Saudi Arabia has experienced steady and significant economic development parallel to political and societal change.viii The country posted a Gross Domestic Product (GDP) of 6.8 percent in the last years fiscal year. The country has posted impressive GDP ratings given that between 1968 and 2010, Saudi Arabia has had an aver age quarterly figure of 5.03 percent. Prior to the establishment of the modern Saudi Arabia kingdom in 1932, the society largely depended on agriculture and avocation exporting dates and trading with pilgrims visiting Makkah and Madinah.ix The country was devoid of any infrastructure necessary to support economic growth. However, things took a dramatic twist in 1938 with discovery exploitable of rock oil deposits and after the Second World War, oil exports helped the country acquire the necessary resources to implement infrastructural developments building world-class roads, schools, hospitals and seaports.

Anthropology of Social Networking Websites Research Paper

Anthropology of Social Networking Websites - Research Paper ExampleSocial networking websites provide m any(prenominal) benefits to people, such as, developing kinship and other births, information sharing, amicable interaction with people from different societies, and facility to bugger off old friends. Along with these considerable benefits, there withal exist some big concerns regarding these websites. In this paper, we allow talk about how social network websites influence privacy and relationships from anthropological point of view. What is Anthropology of Kinship? public lecture from anthropological perspective, one can say that the system of kinship includes people who have declivity relationship between them or those who are living as a family. People usually create their suffer definitions of family. They can make a decision on adding or not adding people to their social networks depending on whether they trust them or not. In this way, they usually do not define ki nship as blood relationships and add such relationships to the definition of family that may influence their lives at some point of time without having any blood relationship with them. Therefore, we can say that social networking websites have changed the dimensions of actual anthropology of kinship in right aways world of digital media. People have forgotten that real life is different from what we step it in internets social networks (Acar 63). ... For example, some people, especially children, make lush use of social networking websites, which results in less face-to-face interactions between them and their family members living under the same roof. People usually trip comments and messages to friends and ignore their actual relations. Such changes in behaviors of people decrease affection and care that people unremarkably have for their closest family members living under the same roof. Anthropologists have a concern over this issue, as they believe that such behaviors har m the actual family structure and give rise to social isolation in an unobservable way. Privacy Concern Socio-cultural anthropologists seem to be worried about the social change that includes excessive and improper use of social networking websites. They believe that such websites harm the privacy of individuals and cause many problems for the society. If we get hold people who make excessive use of such websites, we can find that some of them reveal in truth personal information to their internet friends with whom they do not have any direct relationship. We have also seen such cases in which people have cheated others to get their personal information pretending to be their relatives or close friends. The fact is that such websites are open to everyone and not every person is well virtuoso(prenominal) in setting highest level of privacy for his/her account. Users of social network sites (SNS) often state that they are have-to doe with about their privacy, yet they often disclos e detailed personal information on their profiles (Utz and Kramer 1). Even if soul has ensured maximum privacy, he/she can be deceived by someone who pretends to be his/her lover or a true friend. Adolescents are the main users of social websites (Subrahmanyam and Greenfield

Cultural Relativism- Critical Analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Cultural Relativism- Critical Analysis - act ExampleArgument in standard form Premises 1. According to cultural relativists, there be no universal object lesson principles. 2. Each society has its own different codes of conduct 3. Each good or code of conduct applies only to the society in question. 4. We should adopt an attitude of tolerance towards the tailored practices of other(a) cultures Conclusion There is no objective truth in morality it is nothing to a greater extent than socially approved customs in a given culture. Discussion Cultural relativism is where each culture or ethnic groups is to be viewed on its customs, behavior on value and norms and not on the pedestal of those of other cultures or ethnic groups. Cultural relativists descry moral norms as a result of culture. They see that many cultures disagree widely on moral norms and values, and there is no way which is clear to drub the differences therein. They, therefore, break up that there are no accepted objective truths. Cultural relativists see other cultures, not as different not as wrong. According to premise genius above, it wrong to posit that there are no universal moral principles, according to cultural relativists. ... The Cultural relativism does not conclude that it is not possible to have a universal system of moral values to guide human beings from a universal perspective. Rather, it explains that every society has its own moral norms and values to guide members of that society, plainly these values are of worth to those who abide by them, but they may differ from those of other, different society members (Herskovits 31). This mishap to understand the differences between intra and cross cultural relativism is the one which led ethicist like Abraham Edel to write If cultural relativism is a sociological truth, then your morality judgment of good and bad, right and wrong) is a function (cause) of your domicile. If moral norms and values assertions are expressive (su bjective), it all depends on your feelings (Edel 27-28). Cultural relativism only has relevance between cultures and not within a specific culture. It is a cross-cultural principle, not an intra-cultural principle. The first premise thus does not make the conclusion that morality is nothing more than socially approved customs to be truthful since it is evident that cultural relativism does not advocate ethical or individual relativism. In premise 4 if we abide by cultural relativism, then we will not be able to judge other cultures. We would no longer see other customs as inferior to our own, judging other societies just because they are different. This will be good but only in some cases but not in a case where a society is anti-Semitic and waged a war against a Semite society. Cultural relativism would stop us from interfering, and we cannot even judge on the society which tolerant of Semites and one which is anti-Semites it would be

The concept of death in Judaism Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

The concept of death in Judaism - Research melodic theme ExampleThe concept of death is an important one in most devotions of the world. In most religions, it is stipulation up an importance that is rivalled only by death and marriage. The different rituals that surround death and the theories regarding what happens following death likewise affirm its importance. These attest to the particular that death is something that not only affects an individual but also the inn as we know it today. Judaism is a religion that can be considered to be one that is a demote of western cultures and societies. There atomic number 18 many people in western countries who are adherents of the Judaic religion and it can thus, be regarded as a western religion as well. The concept of death in Judaism, like in most other religions of the world, is a very clearly elucidated one. The concept of after spiritedness influences the Jewish understanding of death to a great extent. Death in this case c eases to be a respectable stop in the life of a soul but a new beginning. The death of a mortal thus marks the end of the life on earth but the beginning of some other in another sphere. The quality of this life would be based on the deeds that had been performed by the person during his or her earthbound life (Rich). This understanding of death is very similar to the ideas of death that are held by Islam and Christianity thereby revealing the great commonalities that these religions have amongst themselves. The importance of death is not lessened as a result of the fact that a note of finality is not struck with this event. The end of the earthly life brings with it the necessity of having to judge the earthly life that had just passed. Apart from this, it also brings in the aspect of the earthly worth of the deceased. Many of the Jewish arranges that follow death are machine-accessible to the social aspect of it. The practice of mourning for the dead, for instance, is for th e benefit of the memory of the dead and for the consolation of the people who were close to the deceased (Rich). The importance that is given to memory as a part of the rituals connected to death makes it clear that Judaism pastures importance on the rituals connected with death for the society as much as for the family and friends of the deceased. The importance that is thus given seeks to cement the place of the deceased in the collective memory of the society that he or she was a part of during their lifetime. As a result of the individual spiritual and social aspects of the practices that are connected to death in Judaism, these rituals are carried out in such a way that shows great respect for the body of the person who has died. This fact makes the social aspect of the death in the religion more pronounced. The society has to conduct the rituals of the funeral with great apportion and many details are given instructions for as to how to deal with. The people who are supposi tional to take care of the body of the dead person are supposed to be volunteers who work for a person who would be unable to do anything in return for the services that are rendered by the volunteers. These people, the shomerim, are not allowed to eat or drink while they are in the presence of the dead body. This is considered to be an act of a lack of respect towards the deceased as they would not be able to do these activities. The work of such volunteer is considered to be of great merit. The work of such a volunteer thus, sets remove a chain where people would do this work so as to gain a authentic amount of merit for the afterlife. Death and afterlife thus have a great effect on the activities of mankind. The office of the shomerim

The Franklin Fund and Tiffany & Co Research Paper

The Franklin Fund and Tiffevery & Co - Research Paper ExampleTiffany & Co. is a company with holdings that mainly operates through its subsidiary companies. The company mainly engages in jewelry manufactu repeat, product plan and retailing activities. However, the major portion of the sales is earned from its jewelry and specialty retailer, Tiffany and Company which operates primarily in North and South America and has stores in United States, Canada, Brazil and Mexico. Apart from these nations, a substantial sum total of sale for the company products comes from Asia-Pacific and European countries. A sketch history of the company Established first in New York in the year 1830, Tiffany & Co. during its initial years saw great growth prospect in the fancy and stationery goods market. With an advance of $1,000 from Tiffanys father, 25 years old Charles Lewis Tiffany and John B. Young undefended their first store at New York City. Inspired by the natural world, their products bore t he mark of harmony, relief and clarity, which went on to become the hallmark of the companys designs ranging from their silver hollowware and flatware to jewelry at later stages. It was in 1867, that Tiffany and Co got international recognition, when a foreign jury at Paris expounding Universelle handed over the grand prize for silver craftsmanship. As it went on to spread its wings, Tiffany & Co. went on to generate the first American school of design, The Silver Studio. In 1886 the company created another benchmark when it launched the engagement ring Tiffany Setting which went on to become a new symbol in the jewelry industry. Tiffany won the superior of honors and awards and held the leading position in thee world of designer jewelry creation. Tiffany boasted of being one of the most trust and appreciated jewelry brand for many distinguished personalities of the American society who preferred Tiffany & Co. over any other jewelry brand. The company continually changed and up dated its designs to keep pace with the changing taste of the modern customers. adept can get hold of all the legendary design patterns of Tiffany in the annual Blue go for Collection. Published for the first time in 1845 this book catalogues the best of all glamorous and spectacular jewelry created by Tiffany. Todays version of the catalogue showcases the elite range of diamonds and colored gems that have been coat in wide range of precious metals For its elegant style and rich heritage over the past two centuries, Tiffany has gained the reputation of being the ultimate source of gifts for most cherished occasions of life. (Tiffany & Co., 2011). A brief biography of the current CEO Michael J. Kowalski, the chairman and CEO of Tiffany & Co. is a renowned jeweler who was appointed as the president of the company back in January 1996.

How Can We Fix K-12 Education Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

How stub We Fix K-12 program line - Essay ExampleDarwinian evolution advocates for evolution of current creatures from simple organisms one thousand million of years ago. Scholars argue that, teaching of creationism discourages students from applying scientific knowledge filmed in class. Furthermore, the students are unable to calculate experiments, come up with logical results and make conclusions on experiments (National Academy Press 17).Another challenge is the inability to embrace new technology. This denies the system the ability to use new ideas effectively. This problem is caused by failure to code and retain qualified teachers (National Academy Press 21).Another challenge is legitimizing K-12 education. Regardless of the effort by environmentalists on the importance of K-12 education as means of conserving the environment, the government has not legitimized K-12 education or made it protrude of the curricula within public schools. The government has failed to adhere to warnings that make learning convenient and effective. Lastly, the system does not array any funding from the government leading to seclusion of public schools from K-12 education. It is regrettable that only children from affluent families finish learn using K-12 education system (National Academy Press 57).Despite all the challenges experienced by K-12 education system, scholars argue that there are some positive efforts. Consequently, K-12 education should be accessible to students. The come to stakeholders should train and recruit qualified teachers. Tutoring program found at Haas Center for Public Service, Stanford Teacher Education Program and the Teach for America program should be used for training any members that would like to learn more about K-12 education system (National Academy Press 69).K-12 education system should have particular teachers who can be able to guide students on-line as they learn. Teachers who are responsible for K-12 education

Language and News discourse of Turkish Radio and Television(TRT) Research Paper

Language and password discourse of Turkish Radio and Television(TRT) - Research Paper ExampleThey include, TRT 1 (general), TRT 2 (culture and art) and TRT 3 (youth bring with sports and music programs and live broadcasts from the Turkish National Grand Assembly at definite hours). All unneurotic the paper focuses on the television news function discourse that is aver-owned, significantly presenting an essentialist image of identity which does not echo the complexity of the members of the public it claims to describe. This question addresses the power of the media, through a number of practices in the selected 3 recent television news broadcast in TRT which clearly shows that TRT is not an objective television, it is serving for the power not public, not free from bias. This is for the purposes of expanding the boundaries for enclosure of the members of the public. Introduction In the present day, there is need to gather, make grow information on the regulation, ownership, acc essibility, performance in addition to projections for creating broadcast amendments. The significant factor for undertaking this research is to contribute to the Turkish consolidation. Many nations have do significant achievements in creating democratic systems of governance found on popular control of the media and whereby members of the public are provided with information without bias. ... Such amendments arise from developing global standards on the subject of media and news media particularly. In its straightforward definition of public broadcasting service is a broadcaster that provides services to the members of the public entirely and is responsible to the members of the public in general. In spite of that, in most scenarios the term public broadcaster is in actual fact regarded as a state broadcaster. This research targets to enable the process of giving support to turning of TRT (Turkish Radyo and Television) into public broadcasters worthy of the name. The research on Language and News discourse of Turkish Radio and Television (TRT) begins from the hypothesis that growth and democracy cannot conform to devoid of open and free public space where all factors concerning lives of the members of an audience can be made public and debated. This means that the members of the public can get a chance to play a spot in making decisions in the society and the country at large via TRT. According to Amartya Sen, a Nobel cherish Laureate, democracy is governance by dialogue. Sen describes democracy as implemented by the media as authorities by means of dialogue where broadcasters are ideally placed to make this dialogue process contingent by offering the space for it. This is based on whether their services are available, self-regulating, and reliable and open to the apprehend range of varying views (Hampton & Roemer, 21). Subsequent to this hypothesis, the significant goal of this research is to find out whether and to what extent news broadcasting on T RT can and do create this kind of free public space with distinctive focus given to the selected 3 recent

Analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 2

Analysis - Essay ExampleMost Americans agree that fast fare is unhealthy and has bad consequences but they still eat it daily be caseful their lifestyle demands such practices. they do not recognize how much it affects them. The article starts with a good introduction that expresses its clear objectives and points of view way to collide with the point and grasp grape the American Americans readers attention, which is sport, because Because most Americans love sports. The actors technique is effective because of the inclusion of the subject on sport which and it could be the first thing to be noticed in the an article. After mentioning sport, the roots introduces the problem and explains it and separates it out in details, supporting and support individually part of the problem with scientific researches. It is shown that researches can effectively perfectly warn the reader from the ill personal do of cheap fast forage. Moreover, Then it gives some examples to support the rese arches. Finally, the article provides solutions and encourages readers asking to take an action to make the that issue wherein efforts are exerted either by form the government or from the good deal. Appealing to Logos, the article has a very convincing way to make the reader be easily drawn to agree with on the author side. It mentions how the problem of cheap fast food could make bad consequences. For example, water system defilement is unsatisfactory an gratifying to people because it affects their health and could make them ill or at risk. It also mentions that food industries cause water pollution because of the practices in garbage disposals and cleaning. Therefore, the author argues that fast food industry is synonymous to water pollution and this makes the two conditions simply unacceptable. , and then it mentions food industry and how it turns to cause water pollution and that makes food industry has the same consequences of water pollution, what logically makes food in dustry an acceptable as much as water pollution is. Furthermore, it mentions genus Cancer which is probably one of the most dangerous dangerousness complaints of customers because as it is commonly known, cancer could cause deaths if not very expensive and long process of treatments. in the and for sure most people know the deadly effects of it, and then the The article also mentions hormones that are be injected to cattle and seeds in order to make them grow fast and meet the demands of fast food chains. However, the hormones have diverse effects on humans who partake of the treated animals and other food products. This practice is unacceptable as well(p) because it is already a parallel to cancer. bulking up faster to make easy fast food, that Hormones have dicey consequences which transfer to fast food and that cause breast and prostate cancer, which make that fast food an acceptable and dangerous as cancer is. In addition, the article mentions how air pollution is caused dur ing the process so that the author persuades readers not to support the fast food industry by buying their products. It also mentions how air pollution is another undesirable issue and persuades readers that how manures can pollute air with chemicals elements., which make manures that used to make cattle and seeds grow faster another dungarees issue and the same as air pollution.

Seminars, Webinars, Conferences - Report Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Seminars, Webinars, Conferences - study - Essay ExampleIn this regard, the event was a success as these professionals took their time to attend this classs event and gave their contribution towards the theme. The theme for the event was Aviation Safety Emerging Issues. The timing of this group was very suitable as it was in the wake of increased terrorism and aircrafts are a study target for terrorist in advancement of their activities.The topics covered during the conference included safeguard stand-down, situational sureness, airspace infringements, aircraft maintenance, safe air power and effective flight communication. Each topic had a presenter and at the end of every presentation, in that location was an interactive session where critical questions were asked by the audience and answered by the presenter. The presenters were mostly from aviation authorities and aircraft manufacturing. The upshot on safety stand-down took longer as it attracted a lot of contributions f rom the stakeholders present since it touches on the train of responsibility of airmen. Degree of adherence to codes of conduct and discipline of airmen affects aviation to a considerable degree. As an aviation safety officer, the conference opened up a lot of knowledge avenues and brought invaluable exposure as the participants shared their different experiences in safety. The safety stand-down played a critical role in influencing the way of thinking for airmen, airport security officers as well as the management in foothold of handling risky situations. For those in aviation safety career, the stand-down equipped them with new and effective methods and procedures for amend the safety of everybody within the airports and aircrafts as well as proper judgemental skills. In the event of a safety breach of any kind, proper judgement is imperative, and this is determined by how well the safety official is aware of the situation. When one

Real Consumer Expenditure and Real Disposable Personal Income Research Paper

authoritative Consumer Expenditure and Real Disposable in-person Income - Research Paper ExampleThis is evidenced by the R2 mensurate of 0.9968 for the exponential fit as compared to the R2 foster of 0.943 for a linear fit (not shown here). From a span of unaccompanied 60 years, consumption expenditure increased eightfold. The trend only serves as further evidence of the consumer icon attributed to Ameri sens society.To determine volatility we graph the rate of kind of the data set. For a time-series data, the process would call for subtracting the value for the former(prenominal) year from the value of the current year then dividing by the value of the former year. The resulting value is then multiplied by 100% to convert it into percentages. While the graph in exercise 1 shows that the values are essentially increasing, Figure 2 would indicate a very mercurial set of values.The graph shows that the rate of change fluctuates almost in a sinusoidal manner all the same it can be seen that the points are mostly placed higher than the x-axis indicating imperious rate of change. What is observable is that the outcome seems to have a 10-year period which begins to rise at the base decade year, climbs up to maximum value in the middle period (5s) then decrease again. The highest positive change was registered in the 3rd rump of 1950 with a value of 5.146% and the highest negative change in the following quarter with -2.945%. other time-series data which was acq... Another time-series data which was acquired from the same agencys website was the Personal Income and its Disposition also starting from the 1947 (1). Only the replete(p) Disposable Personal Income found in Row 35 was. The same methodology was used for the analysis. From the graph of Figure 3, we can see that the data set is also increasing. Employing the methods of best fit curve resulted to the exponential fitting as the choice because of the high R2 value. However, we can see that the rec ent values fall short of the expected behavior. Fig. 3 Graph of Real Disposable Personal Income (1947 - 2007 Quarterly)The rate of change, as can be seen from Figure 4, shows virtually semblance of sinusoidal behavior although the cycle can not be easily defined. This implies high volatility. As with the same method we used in the first data set, we see that there was generally positive rate of change with negative rates of change occurring in between decades. The highest positive rate of change occurred in the First Quarter of 1950 corresponding to the highest rate of change in the first data go the highest negative rate of change occurred in the Second Quarter of 1947.Fig. 4 Percentage Change of the Total Disposable Personal Income (1947 - 2007)Consumption Models1. Model (1) Levels (long-run) with the equationlnCt = a + blnYt which has the same form as y=mx+bWhere Ct = is the Real Consumer Expenditure or yYt = is the Disposable Personal Income or xThe basic question that this mo deling exercise would like to answer is to determine whether there is a relationship between Expenditure and Income. Our idea is that as income increases so does expenditure. For time-series data set, there is a choose to find the natural logarithms of

Produce a table of four profitability ratios, four efficiency ratios Assignment

scram a table of four profitability ratios, four efficiency ratios and two luculentity ratios for each green light below. Written Report - Assignment ExampleDaley has a current ratio of 1.3 1 which is lower than Maceys despite having both, more current additions and liabilities. It is however, still enough to meet its pitiful term obligations.Both companies collapse a good liquidity position, which prevents them from having to sell get through their inventory in order to pay their short term debts. Without liquidating their inventories, both companies can easily manage their short term obligations through their most liquid current assets.Daley has a go inventory turnover ratio which indicates that it takes less time to sell off its finished products. With less cash tied up in inventory and considerably lower comprise of goods sold, Daley takes approximately 10 days less than Macey to convert its goods into sales.Customers of Daley are taking twice as big to repay the company which means that the receivable collection is not timely. Compared to Macey, Daley has a lot tied up in the form of receivables, more than 1.5 times as much as Macey. Its sales are alike approximately $300 million less than Maceys. Maceys receivable collection seems to be within their modal(a) length of time taken to recover cash. These figures indicate that both the firms deal in some crystalize of fast moving consumer goods to able to recover cash within 2-3 days.Daleys utilization of fixed assets is better than Maceys with a ratio of 8.9 times. For every $1 invested in fixed assets, Daley is making $8.9 in sales. On the other hand, Macey is making only $5.5 in sales for every $1 invested in fixed assets. Macey has high sales than Daley but it also has approximately twice the amount of fixed assets. This signifies that Macey has too much invested in fixed assets.Daley, despite having higher current assets and lower sales than Maceys, has a better total asset turnover. Maceys investment in fixed asset seems to be unnecessary and is affecting its ability to founder sufficient sales with regards to the amount of fixed assets

Individual Assignment 1 Implementation of the Porters Five Forces Research Paper

unmarried Assignment 1 Implementation of the Porters Five Forces Model - Research Paper ExampleDespite of this, in time there are minute chances for them to differentiate the way they do businesses.The framework of Professor Michael Porter is wide utilise to analyze the attractiveness of an industry as well as its competitive positions. Porters five forces model is applicable to banking industry to a great extent (Hill 2008). Five forces that are used in this model areThreat of novel entrants refers to the chip of entrants that cause an increase in the number of players performing similar activities and serving a similar market. In banking industry, an average person cannot start up his own bank therefore there is low threat of new entrants due to variety of forces that discourages the new players.Main threat to enter in a banking industry is the requirement of large capital investment. This cartel doesnt permit every other person to enter into this industry and moreover entre preneurs can take down business in this sector.Running a bank needs specialized knowledge and expertise regarding this welkin which can not be possessed by every other person. The complexities of this sector can only be understood by someone who has spirittime experience of working in this area.Owners who have life time experience of working in banking sector and deals with the complications with sharpness are observed to achieve sterling(prenominal) success in this area. Not every other person is able to take such spacious responsibility.There can be threat of new entrants for banking sector when other financial institutions start fling the services which are being offered by conventional banking systems. What if insurance companies start offering loan and mortgage services? That can be a threat for banking sector.Substitutes tend to steal the market share and combine the competition. In banking sector, there are plenty of substitutes as one can probably imagine. Every bankin g entourage is offering similar products and services. At the lending side of industry, there are

Tata Indica Essay Example for Free

Tata Indica EssayInception Tata Motors Limited is Indias largest automobile company, with revenues of Rs. 24,000 crores (USD 5. 5 billion) in 2005-06. By far it is the leader in commercial vehicles in each segment. It is also the second largest in the rider vehicles commercialize with winning products in the compact, midsize railway machine and utility vehicle segments. The company is the worlds fifth largest middling and heavy commercial vehicle manufacturer. Established in 1945, Tata Motors presence indeed cuts across the length and gravidness of India. .The companys manufacturing base is spread across Jamshedpur, Pune and Lucknow, supported by a nation-wide dealership, sales, services and spare parts net profit comprising over 2,000 touch points. Close to 4 million Tata vehicles ply on Indian roads, since the first trilled out in 1954. The foundation of the companys growth over the last 50 years has been a intricate understanding of economic stimuli and customer nee ds, and the ability to translate them into customer-desired offerings through RD. Established in 1966, the companys plan Research Centre, with 1,400 engineers and scientists, has developed pi wizardering technologies and products.Today the company has RD centers in Pune, Jamshedpur, Lucknow, in India. And not s cable carcely this, it also has RD centers in south Korea, Spain, and the UK. The pace of saucily product development in Tata Motors has quickened. In 2005, the company give rised a new segment by launching the Tata Ace, Indias first indigenously developed mini-truck. The years to come provide nail the introduction of several other innovative vehicles, all rooted in emerging customer needs. in like manner product development, the RD centers of the company are also direction on environment-friendly technologies in emissions and selection fuels.GLOBAL PRESENCE Today, Tata strike outed vehicles can be seen in several countries like atomic number 63, Africa, the Middle East, Australia, sulphur East Asia and sulphur Asia. So, Tata Motors is not only at the forefront of the Indian automobile industry, it is also one of Indias best known brands in international markets. Tata Motors is the first company from Indias engineering sector to be listed in the New York Stock Exchange (September 2004). It has also emerged as a globose automotive company. In 2004, it acquired the Daewoo moneymaking(prenominal) Vehicles Company, Koreas second largest truck maker.The rechristened Tata Daewoo Commercial Vehicles Company has already begun to launch new products. In 2005, Tata Motors acquired a 21% gage in Hispano Carrocera, a reputed Spanish bus and coach manufacturer, with an option to acquire the remaining stake as fountain clearance. Hispanos presence is being expanded in other markets. In 2006, the company formed a joint venture with the Brazil-based Marcopolo, a global leader in luggage compartment-building for buses and coaches, to manufacture and ass emble fully-built buses and coaches.Tata Motors already distri exceptes and markets rules of order branded cars in India. To establish an industrial joint venture in India to manufacture passenger vehicles, engines and transmissions for the Indian and overseas markets Tata Motors and the Fiat Group have recently signed a memorandum of understanding. The companys commercial and passenger vehicles are already being marketed in several countries in Europe, Africa, the Middle East, Australia, South East Asia and South Asia. It has assembly operations in Malaysia, Kenya, Bangladesh, Ukraine, Russia and Senegal.These acquisitions allow for further extend Tata Motors global footprint, established through exports since 1961. output TATA INDICA V2 The Brand value Indica, the first truly Indian car heralds Indias arrival on the global automobile arena. The company strives to make the Indica accessible to the value-seeking Indian, without compromises. It is a trustworthy, reliable car that appeals to the head as well(p)head as the heart. The brand is recognized as one of the strongest and most enduring of the past tense decade and has systematically count on amongst the most trusted brands in industry surveys.The Tata Indica catapulted the Indian automobile industry into the big league of the global arena. It has been created in an industry rife with global competition, requiring huge financial investment and scale as well as high technological competence. Facts about Indica Tata Motors is the youngest passenger car company in the world. The car came into being concept freeze to launch in just 31 months. The name, Indica, was derived from two backchats Indias Car. The Indica sold its second 100,000th car in a record period of less than 18 months. Indicas investment of Rs. 19. 20 billion for a capacity of 150,000 cars achieved cash profits in its third year and net profits in its fourth. Indica catapulted Tata Motors as the second largest player in the Indian passenger vehicle market. In the Indian car industry, Indica Club is the largest brand loyalty program. Indica is instrumental in creating a Rs. 46 billion passenger car business for Tata Motors within five years of its launch. Indica investment became EVA positive in its fifth year a rare distinction in the automobile world. As compared to others who manufacture abase B segment cars Tata Motors (Telco) has drawn up a clear cut strategy that highlights the fact that their only competitor is Palio in the B segment. This is their USP in a market dominated by luxury and superior premium cars. They expect demand from Spain, Malta, Italy and Portugal and are striving for markets in UK, Iran and China. Their Goal is the international market in the long term. They aim for 20 per cent of business from the international market. Realizing the potential of Indica, Telco modified the seat and launched Indiva a MPV concept at the Geneva Auto Fair in Switzerland.The Tata Indica v2 sedan is likely to be launched in the second half of the next fiscal year. The Sedan has been styled by IDEA the Italian spirit house that penned Indica. The result is a well-proportioned but conservative-looking midsize car. The invitation to the motoring media to Go on, try them yourself at the WesBank racecourse in December 2005 contributed to the high level of media attention. This open and honest approach to communicating the value of their products served well for the ongoing building of the Tata brand in South Africa.Given the progress the Tata Group has made in the past 10 years and the scope for involvement and growth in numerous sectors in South Africa and rest of Africa, Tata can be expected to shift gears upwards soon. Ratan Tata has emphasized his groups commitment to the South African market, commenting that the arrival of our cars in South Africa is the fulfillment of a desire I have held since I first came here our countries can do much together and we are focusi ng seriously on our presence here we will not take outside(a) but will add to South Africa. ProductThough a late entrant, the Indica quickly established itself as the benchmark for the segment. By offering exciting features, the car changed the rules of the category in Space, Power, Style, Safety and Economy for international market. The Indica ensured a pleasant ride and handling experience as it had features like wide large tyres, generous nog room and independent front and rear suspension. It developed a new segment of diesel little(a) cars along with its petrol offering. The luggage space was also the best in its class. The rigid 980 kgs steel body of the car was rigorously tested at Indias first and only crash test facility.A foldable steering wheel, impact absorbing bumpers, anti-submarine seats, crumple zones and side impact beams are just a some of the features that make the Indica one of the safest cars on the roads today. Savings are ensured with the fuel-efficient 1. 4L diesel engine, while the 1. 4L petrol engine is optimized for performance. The foray into the export markets with the Indica would commence only after meeting the initial requirements of the domestic market. However, the company will commence development of the export model, work on homologation and ensure that the car meets all the norms of the markets abroad.Indica features for international market Collapsible steering column Side-impact beam Energy-absorbing crumple zones in the front Anti-submarine seats Child-safety locks on rear doors Laminated front and rear windshield glass Promotion More car per car is the famed tagline of this product. The Indicas positioning has remained consistent with the brands offering in an increasingly rivalrous market. The Indica is now synonymous with the word More, by encapsulating the inherent product strengths and marrying them with the customer trait of desiring More.A promotion strategy for Indica v2 in international market is more or less same as that of the Indian market. Media innovations have been a key to the success of the Indica. The positioning was strengthened with the successful launch of the Indica V2, which assumed the leadership position in the year of its launch. The Indica v2 was launched in the international market only through the press medium, with three diesel versions and a petrol version, and this campaign shattered many automobile advertising myths.The car was launched without any television advertising, but through high-impact newspaper ads, dominating the medium and delivering the desired impact. The campaign redefined the competition by keeping away from the small car nomenclature. Headlines such as Youll never have to suffer a small car again assisted customers in distinguishing between their old choices and the Indica. This, in effect, placed the Indica on the pedestal of leadership, entrap to change the rules of the game. A recent campaign for the Indica V2 has helped in build ing the product on the rational plan and adds an emotional layer.Anchored on the insight Its only human to want more, the campaign revolves well-nigh interesting candid moments in the daily lives of normal everyday people who desire more be it a boy wanting the other boys bigger lollipop, or a mishandle crying when her parents stop driving her around in the Indica V2. The latest campaign moves to the Even more car per car positioning. Place Tata automobile group have a very large distribution network all over the world. Tata Indica v2 is exported and assembled in many countries. South Africa has an assembling unit for consumer vehicles.Other places where the companys products (Tata Indica) are exported and in some assembled also are mentioned below Africa - Algeria , Angola , Ethiopia , Ghana , Kenya , Mauritius , Sudan , Uganda , South Africa , Senegal etc. Europe Greece, Hungary, Italy, Malta, Portugal, Spain, Switzerland, UK and Ireland. CIS Belarus, Russia, Ukraine. Asi a Bangladesh, Malaysia, Sri-Lanka, Nepal, Bhutan. Australia continent Price Tata Motors adopted a competitive pricing strategy for Indica in the global market. Prices were improve on the basis of the norms prevailing in the international market.Also the prices offered by their competitors like Toyota, Ford, Fiat, were kept in mind while deciding the prices. Brand Image Indica, the first truly Indian car heralds Indias arrival on the global automobile arena. It strives to make the Indica accessible to the value-seeking Indian, without compromises. A trustworthy, reliable car that appeals to the head as well as the heart. Truly More car per car the brand has consistently figured amongst the most trusted brands in industry surveys and is recognized as one of the strongest and most enduring of the past decade.Created in an industry rife with global competition, requiring huge financial investment and scale as well as high technological competence, the Tata Indica catapulted the India n as well as automobile industry into the big league of the global arena. For Indica V2 brand building, Tata Engineering roll out media blitz Tata Engineering is all pose to launch an aggressive multi-media ad campaign, in a bid to boost sales and build the brand image of its new launch, Tata Indica V2.While launching the Indica V2 in international market, the company had released only announcement ads to create awareness for the new launch. And now to promote Indica V2, the company plans to roll out a media blitz. The main verifiable of the multi-media campaign is to further build perfect global brand image for Indica V2 in highly competitive international market or global automobile market. And the new media blitz will include a print campaign, comprising a series of press advertisements, outdoor-media campaign, television commercials and ground promotions.

Oliver Twist by Charles Dickens and Brick Lane by Monica Ali Essay Example for Free

Oliver change by reversal by Charles the Tempter and Brick road by Monica Ali EssayHaving read both Oliver Twist by Charles Dickens and Brick Lane by Monica Ali, I am divergence to concentrate the urban center question on Brick Lane. Brick Lane tells the story of Nazneen, an eighteen year old moved to London from her rural upbringing in Bangladesh to tug Hamlets, a close tight community of Bengali families nourishment in blocks of flats struggling to make their right smart up in the city to earn sufficient money and a civilised upbringing for their children, heretofore still yearning to go back to their home land. Nazneen is married to Chanu, twenty years older than her, he is educated yet earns his money working as a taxi driver. This novel has clear descriptions of city intent, the diversity of the passel inwardly and how Nazneen interprets the city from her point of view. in that location atomic number 18 many ways in which the corpo rattling conditions of th e city are exposit in this novel, the diametrical areas of the city of London are depict from the block of flats where Nazneen lives to the big office blocks in the city centre.City liveliness in this novel begins with Nazneen describing the tattoo lady who lives in the block of flats inverse her, from here we become familiar with the lack of space and encounter the very little room they have in the urban areas of London Most of the flats that closed iii sides of a square had net curtains and the brio behind them was all shapes and shadows. But the tattoo lady had no curtains at all. Morning and afternoon she sat with her thighs spilling over the sides of her chair. By reading this, it is already forming an idea of the principal(prenominal) settings of the novel which are the block of flats, very cramped and close, very little sense of privacy. We in any case survive an idea of the type of bulk alimentation around the area as well, the tattoo lady is frequently mentione d in the novel, informing us that at least two thirds of the flesh on show was cover in ink.Another genuine condition of the city we come crossways in this novel is when Nazneen in reality considers visiting the tattoo lady at the flat opposite hers, however such is city life that Nazneen reconsiders this The tattoo lady might be angry at an unwanted interruption. Although this is not an actual disapprove depict in the city, from Nazneens thought we give-up the ghost an idea of the type of people she would come across whilst subsisting in the city, it forms the surround of the narrative by mentioning Nazneens neighbours. Monica Ali also describes the smell of the surroundings where Nazneen lives The breeze on Nazneens smell was thick with the smell from the overflowing communal bins. This real condition most definitely helps to form the surroundings of the novel shaping the condition of the area where Nazneen lives.Although Monica Ali has focused on forming the surroundings of the city where Nazneen lives with the smell and the neighbours, she has also formed the novel with the bodily conditions of at heart the flat where Nazneen lives, in the novel Nazneen spends most of her time inside the flat to sit day after day inside this large box with the piece of furniture to dust, and the dull sound of private lives sealed away above, below and around her. By talent brief descriptions care this it shapes the scene of the narrative from the beginning of the novel, we are informed of the furniture inside the flat, Nazneen mentions that she has never haven more furniture inside one room, with all this, we are already shaping the narrative with the corporeal conditions inside of Nazneens flat.Whilst living in the city, Nazneen mentions offdoor surroundings quite frequently, although she spends most of her time inside her flat or at Razias, whenever Nazneen has gone outside the boundaries of her area, we as the are given more description of the actual c ity conditions There were more cars than people out here a roaring metal army tearing up the town. By describing the cars as an army tearing up the town, we can immediately shape the city life of the narrative with the pollution and the noise of the cars. We can conjecture the dirt and the hustle of the city. The people who passed walked, looked ahead at nothing or looked down at the pavement to negotiate puddles, litter and excrement. This was the material conditions of the city life which helped form the narrative, which helped give the endorser an idea of the city life and scenes to which we can imagine Nazneen and her husband walking across.The genial life in this novel also helps to form the material conditions of city life and the novel, Nazneens social life throughout the novel consisted of Mrs Islam and Razia gossiping about fellow women, she would often visit Razia at her flat, whilst going to Razias flat we are given descriptions of the surroundings within Nazneens bou ndary of her estate, we are informed of the group of juvenile Bengali men who stood in the bottom of the stairwell, combing their hair and smoking or making loud, abrupt hoots this was the social life the young men had in the city, they would hang around in gangs not achieving much, Nazneen stayed within her boundaries as well, so it gives the reader an impression that social life within a city should be kept in the boundaries that you live in, like a safety barrier. We are also informed of the material conditions of the corridors and stairwells where Nazneen lives, the front doors are mentioned to be the same across the corridors peeling red paint showing part of pale wood, a rectangular panel of glass with wire meshing suspended inside, gold line keyholes and stern black knockers. On the wall someone had drawn a pair of buttocks in thick black pen this helps the reader to form a picture in their minds of the state of city life where Nazneen lives, The stairs gave off a tang of urineAlthough Nazneen is told to stay within the boundaries of the estate because if she went out people would talk and gossip about her, Nazneen did go out. This was when she got lost, and we as the readers gained more k like a shotledge of the material conditions of city life which formed the narrative, we are told that to get to the other side of the street without being hit by a car was like walking out in the monsoon and hoping to dodge the raindrops. Immediately we can imagine the fast movement of the city, cars going past like buzzing bees, to cross the road, Nazneen waited next to a cleaning lady and stepped out with her, like a calf with its mother short descriptions like this form the material conditions of the city life in this novel so skilfully. passim the novel, we are not only informed of the material conditions of the city where Nazneen lives or around the area of Bethnal Green, we are also informed of the streets buildings past Brick Lane. She looked up at a buildi ng as she passed. It was constructed almost entirely of glass, with a few thin rivets of steel safekeeping it together. The building was without end, above somewhere it crushed the clouds. The material conditions mentioned here are most entirely opposite to the towers described of Tower Hamlets. Although both scenes have very large buildings, the towers in the city centre are described as palaces, with entrances and colonnades across the front this was the diversity of the material conditions of city life which helped form the narrative, because the reader is informed that the city is not the same throughout, every area has its own distinctive features, some move of the city are very well looked after whereas others such as where Nazneen lives are forgotten about.The material conditions of city life in the novel are mentioned to the reader in many ways, we are told of the people that Nazneen walks past when she goes to the city centre every back she saw, was on a private, urgent m ission to do a precise and demanding plan. They could not see her anymore than she could see God from this, we acknowledge the independency of the people in the city. Soon Nazneen realises that she does not fit in with these working people, they are dressed smart, they have coats and hand fundaments whereas Nazneen has a cardigan and a sari, although Nazneen was dressed differently, only one woman noticed she was there and smiled at her. By giving details such as this, Monica Ali has formed and shaped the narrative according to city life, every psyche with its own mission.So far, throughout the novel, only roads and streets, people and buildings have been mentioned. However when Nazneen does come across some greenery, she says in this city, a bit of grass was something to be guarded, fenced about, as if there were a sparge of emeralds sown in among the blades. This, yet again is another material condition of city life, although it is not rough like the conditions in Nazneens are a, green grass has not yet been mentioned up until now, and when it has the grass is guarded with fence, so from this, we can imagine the very few places in the city to relax and enjoy the scenery. We also get the indication that in this novel, for Nazneen there is no place for her to get away from everything, the city would not suspension even to shrug.Throughout the novel, the descriptions of the city and the buildings given to us by Nazneen have been described honourable as Nazneen saw them, however, later on in the novel, when Nazneens son becomes ill, whilst in the ambulance van, and with her fear for her son, she mentions The city shattered. Everything was in pieces. She knew it swell away, glimpsed it from the painful white insides of the ambulance. Just as Nazneens heart shattered in pieces, the city did too with her, so she is relating the material conditions of the city with her emotions and giving the reader an image of doom and gloom within the city. Although the mate rial conditions described to us previously in the novel have been mostly doom and gloom anyway, Nazneen has only just implied the greyness and dullness of it along with her emotions. Frantic neon signs. Headlights chasing the dark.An office block, cracked with light. These shards of the lowly city. Up until now the city was not mentioned as broken, it was just described as how Nazneen saw it, but now, we get the real image of the city, the material conditions which helped form the narrative The crystal towers and red bricked tombs. The bare-legged girls shivering at the busbar stop. Up until now, Nazneen had simply described the different dress code of non Asian females, now that she saw they were at the bus stop bare legged in the early hours of the morning, Nazneen is ridiculed by them, she talks about them along with the broken city. She is giving the reader material conditions of the city which make it so grim. The well fed dogs and bloated pigeons. This is something Nazneen w ould never see in her homeland Bangladesh, dogs are of no importance and pigeons always a pest. So now, we get to attestant Nazneens interpretations of the material conditions of the city life, how she feels it is all wrong compared to her land. The cars that had screamed alongside the ambulance, urging it on, parting in waves. The cars that had previously been described as an army now screaming, this clearly shows the rage within Nazneen and the material city conditions which she so hates.Throughout the novel, London is not the only city mentioned, with Nazneens sister living in the city in Bangladesh, Dhaka, she often receives letters from Hasina talking about her home, and the surroundings Street is wide and nice. But plastic bag blowing everywhere. mountain pass in street for five ten minute and by finish you cover in bag on legs and arm and stomach. From this we realise, that city conditions throughout the world are the same. The little things which give the city its status, t he material conditions such as bags on the floor is what makes living in a city so different to other places. A wind blew in over the courtyard and fetched up a crisp computer software at her feet. Nazneen although she was in a different country to her sister, they were both in the same situation, both living in a city with material conditions such as rubbish on the pavements and non stopping people.To conclude, the material conditions of city life in Brick Lane are mentioned with such metaphors and descriptions which inform the narrative of the surroundings, the people, the scenery and the automatic teller within. The buildings described in so many ways, the smallest details found on the floors to the stairwells of the block of flats.

Society in general Essay Example for Free

Society in universal EssayJ. B Priestly lived from 1894 to 1984. An Inspector calls was written in 1945 and challenges the social class system of pre-war Britain. This era is often called the Golden Era, but is also remembered for its terrible poverty in lower social classes. The operate shows the two states of rich and poor in the quote.. . Historically and socially, the years around 1912 were very unsettled. The British empire was beginning to decline and Queen Victoria had died in 1902, leaving the people expectant about the mod era much like the turn of the century or new millennium. Priestly uses a use within the play to get across his views on society, and some of the following questions cigarette be picked up from the text, Is there a true society? Should we take responsibility for everyone? And finally, Do actions we take directly venture others? If the play was written in a political article rather than a play, the information would non be put across but by expr essing certain opinions in a play, people think back of the views actually within the characters, therefore making it much more effective, its like almost learning from enjoyment.From spell One we exist certain aspects about the Birling family. With out reading the play we can know so much about them just from the stage directions. They were a rich wealthy family but not too rich as they lived in a fairly large suburban house. Also you can secure that they had money coming form a factory.. A prosperous manufacture. It can be state that there was a metaphor for the Edwardian society and this is the word titanic.The Birling family can also been seen as the titanic, this is because it showed hope, luxury, progression and wealth. The Birling family represents the higher society in the social class system we can tell his by the way they look down upon other classes. Mr Birling says well, well this is very nice. Very nice. favorable dinner too, Sybil. Tell cook from me. Then later M rs. Birling comments on his statement Arthur, youre not supposed(a) to say such thing. This shows those being that high up couldnt even tell their cook it was a gentle meal.Priestly describes the Inspector, when he first appears on stage, in terms of massiveness, solidity and purposefulness, symbolising the fact that he is an unstoppable force within the play. His disconcerting habit of looking hard at the person he addresses before speaking gives the impression that he sees through surface appearances to the real person beneath. It also gives him a thoughtfulness that contrasts with the thoughtlessness of each characters treatment of the girl.His role in the play is not simply to present each character with the truth, but to force each character to admit the truth they already know. He works methodically through the characters present one at a time, partly because he recognises that otherwise, theres a muddle, and partly because, given the chance, the characters are all quick to defend each other, or to call upon outdoors help (such as Colonel Roberts) in order to avoid accepting the truth of what he suggests.

Marketing assignment Essay Example for Free

trade assignment Essay1.1 Ryanair argon pioneers of low cost skyways in Europe operate more than 1600 daily flights from 57 bases across 1600 low far routes connecting 180 destinations in 29 countries. They lately announced that they have ordered 175 newfound Boeing craft. 1.2 In order for Ryanair to keep the be to a minimum, their airline theatrical roles small, divisional airports only to reduce available costs and operates as a point-t-point airline carrier, so when some different airlines avoiding the cost associated with a hub-and-spoke service. 1.3 Ryanair advertises its self as a The low nutrition airline and has a price promise under which it will brook double the difference if a guest finds the same flight cheaper elsewhere. 1.4 They pay as little as possible for their aircraft. They get defective discounts on aircraft because they buy them when other airlines want them. 1.5 They spend as little as possible on publicize. They do not employ advertising age ncies instead all of their advertising is done in-house. 1.6 They dont use give-up the ghost agencies, so they dont pay commissions. Ryanair uses direct merchandise to recruit and hold open guests and to extend products and go to them and this reduce cost. You bind online or on the internet. This saves 15% on agency fees. header 2Kulula and Mango atomic number 18 South Africas low cost airlines. These airlines have in near atomic number 18as imitated the Ryanair business model. 2.1 Kulula uses Lanseria Airport as an alternative to OR Tambo airport which can be attributed to reduction operational costs. Ryanair makes use of smaller airports instead of the large busy airports to reduce costs and reduce the time in the midst of flights.2.2 The low cost airlines in South Africa, such as Kulula and Mango alike upsell products such as car hires, travel packs and hotel accommodation. This is similar to the business model of Ryanair. 2.3 The low cost airlines in South Africa t oo reduce their costs by not including provender on the fargon you can buy your food if you want. 2.4 To make bookings simpler the customers of Kulula and Mango can also book and buy flight tickets at Shoprite/Checkers for on that points is no commission paid to travel agencies. The internet online process also exists for self-service of make bookings.Question 3The marketing environment consists of Micro and Macro environment. According to Kotler and Armstrong (201290) Micro environment consists of the actors nearly to the federation that affect its ability to serve its customers such as the company its self, its suppliers, its marketing partners, customers and the general public. The big environment is said to consist of the larger societal forces that affect the macro environment such as policy- make, economic, social, technological, natural environment, and legal framework (Kotler Armstrong, 2012) 3.1 The Micro environment3.1.1 CompanyRyanairs mission is to keep their cus tomers clever by offering a simple service and that involves maintaining low-cost f bes, such as offering no meal options or extended service elements such as beverage consumption, thus keeping labour-related costs low and inviting the more humble or thrifty consumer to enjoy travel to regional destinations without the worry of undue airline expense.3.1.2 SuppliersSuppliers ar very important to the company and they are the determining featureor for Ryanair to keep customer value. In a running an airline Ryanair require a lot of fuel but they are unable to influence their suppliers since the price of fuel is controlled by external bodies such as OPEC(Ryanair Annual Report, 2004). 3.1.3 CompetitorsThe increase number of competition with carriers offering get down-cost fares is extend toing the consumer mentality regarding which carrier to choose when travelling within European destinations. 3.1.4 marketing PartnersRyanair does not use advertising agencies instead all their adve rtising is done in-house by doing so they are cutting cost and making sure that they maintain low cost strategy. They simple use adverts that allege passengersthat Ryanair has low fares. 3.2 Macro environment3.2.1 PoliticalThe external political environment is one of significant expediency to Ryanair, as the majority of its operations are contained within Europe. It is relatively common knowledge that this region maintains political stability, thus Ryanair does not experience issues with governmental instability in Europe as a vex regarding passenger volumes or flight destinations. 3.2.2 TechnologicalThe technological environment does not appear to significantly impact the firm in a negative capacity as the firm. Additionally, supply chain software programs and other integrated software applications are available to assist Ryanair in streamlining labour functions and improve internal organisational efficiency. 3.2.3 sparingEconomical factors in the Euro region such as the Greece debt issues, change magnitude unemployment in Spain and other countries have a negative impact in the number of customers for air travel like Ryanair.Question 4 meek cost airline offer a no-frill service, they sell the cheapest tickets you can buy. Unlike branded airlines that argue that passengers are willing to more for a better level of service. These are the reason I would not use low cost airlines such as Ryanair. 4.1 Customer ServiceRyanair offers poor customer service such as when your bag is broken into no compensation is provided. It is also reported that their staff is unfriendly and rude. Ryanair also do not make provisions for fragile items that you wish to carry on the aircraft with you. Musical instruments and blank equipment can be wee-ween but at a fee. 4.2 Value added servicesThere is no complementary food and what is offered is expensive and unhealthy. 4.3 Mis guide pricingThe policy of 70% sets sold at low fares and 30% at higher fares can be misleading. This signifys that you may not always be paying the lowest price for the fares. 4.4 ConvenienceRyanair does not offer convenience as you cannot chose seat. You also cannot variegate flights. Their plains are old and offer low comfort. They use secondary airports which tend to be smaller regional airports.Question 5Ryanairs objective is to firmly establish itself as Europes leading low-fares scheduled passenger airline by dint of continued improvements and expanded offerings of its low-fares service. Ryanair aims to offer low fares that generate increased passenger traffic while maintaining a continuous focus on cost-containment and operating efficiencies 5.2 Understanding customer needs and wants5.2 Design a customer driven marketing strategy5.3 Construct an integrated marketing program that delivers superior value5.4 Build profitable relationships and create customer delightQuestion 66.1 Product or ServiceLow cost, no frills air travel to Europian destinations. There is no innocuou s food or drink on-board. Food and drink are income streams. You buy on-board, or you do take your own food and drink if you like. 6.2 PriceRyanair has low fares. 70% of seats are sold at the lowest two fares. 24% of seats are charged at higher fares. The last 6% are sold at the highest fare.6.3 PlaceRyanair does not use travel agents so it does not pay agency commissions. It uses direct marketing techniques to recruit and retain customers, and to extend products and services to them (i.e. Customer Relationship Management). This reduces costs. You book online over the Internet. This saves them 15% on agency fees. They are based in Stansted in Essex which is known as a secondary airport. It is new and accessible. It is cheaper to fly from Stansted than either Heathrow or Gatwick, and since it is less busy Ryanair can unfreeze aircraft around more quickly. 6.4 PromotionThey spend as little as possible on advertising They do not employ an advertising agency. Instead all of the advert ising is done in-house. In fact OLeary himself oversees much of the promotion of Ryanair. They use simple adverts that tell passengers that Ryanair has low fares. Ryanair employs controversy to promote its business. For congressman in 2009, the company reasoned that passengers would be charged 1 to use the toilets on board.OLeary reasoned that passengers could use the terminals at either the destination or arrival airport. This would speed things up. It was reasoned that this is what passengers wanted since they did not want other passengers leaving their seats and walking the aisles to go to the toilet. OLeary also argued that larger passengers should be charged more since they took up more room again it was reasoned that this is what the majority of passengers wanted. 6.5 PeoplePilots are recruited when they are young as pilot cadets. They work hard and take early promotions and then move on after 10-years or so to further their careers. Cabin crew pay for their uniforms to be cleaned. They invest in their own training. They are mainly responsible for passenger safety as well as ancillary revenues onboard6.6 Physical bear witnessThey pay as little as possible for their aircraft. Planes are the most expensive asset that an airline can make. They get big discounts on aircraft because they buy them when other airlines dont want them, for example after phratry 11th, or on the invasion of Iraq and Afghanistan. Aircraft manufacturers cannot simply stop a supply chain in minutes. If orders are being cancelled or delayed, this is when to buy. It was rumored within the industry that Ryanair was buying Boeing 737s list price around 40,000,000 (forty one thousand million pounds) with up to a 50% discount. 6.7 ProcessThere is no check in. You simply show your bye and supply your reference number. You cannot select a preferred seat. It is origin come, first served. This aids speed. There are no air bridges (the tunnel that connects to the side of the aircraft w hen to board it). You walk or are bused to the aircraft. baggage is deposited directly onto the terminal its quick. However if your bag is broken dont expect high levels of customer service.Question 77.1 Cultural factorsRyanair has addressed a global cultural need for leisure travel by making their prices extremely low and the easy availability of tickets operating between two points. One of the factors that influence consumer sort is social class such as peoples income. Ryanair get most of their business from lower income group.7.2. Social factorsOne the factors that influence consumer factors is the social factors such as consumers small groups family and social roles. According to the role study Ryanair make use of buzz marketing by their controversial promotions. This influences people opinions about their services as it gets people to discuss the controversial promotions.7.3 Personal factorsPersonal factors are influenced by personal characteristics such as customers age and life cycle stage, occupation, economic situation, life style and constitution and self-concept. The people that would be influenced into buying Ryanairs would need to have an easy going personality and not be concerned much about the service of the airline since many of the luxuries are removed from the service.7.4 mental factorsA persons buying choices are further influence by four psychological factors motivation, perception, learning and beliefs and attitudes. Customers that would be influences to use Ryanair are customers that believe that are getting value for money through the low cost pricing.Question 8Consumer market consists of individuals and households that buy goods and services for their personal consumption. These would normally be consumer goods such as soft drinks, cosmetics, travel and household goods. Ryanairs consumer market is the individuals in the European region that use air travel as a form of transportation.Question 9Below is an example of Ansoffs Matrix which shows developing strategies that organisations can use to expand their operation followed by the explanations for each growth strategy (Riley, 2012).Figure 1 Ansoffs matrix. Sourced from Riley (2012)9.1 Market penetrationMarket penetration is when the company expands in the same market using the same products. For Ryanair, market penetration would involve increasing the number of flights in the same routes. This way they are in the same markets and using the same service. 9.2 Market DevelopmentMarket training requires the companies to enter new markets while using the same products. For Ryanair, this would require the company to go to new markets such as Africa, Asia or America using the same low cost air travel service. 9.3. Product DevelopmentProduct development means that in order to expand the company moldiness introduce new products or services in the existing market. For company like Ryanair, product development would mean that they introduce new service such as busine ss class or first class into the existing market.9.4 DiversificationDiversification is when the company seeks to enter into new markets with new products. For Ryanair diversification could mean that the company introduces new services such as leisure sea cruising. This would also mean that the company moves into a new market since leisure sea cruising would require different destinations and customer base.ReferencesRiley, J. 2012. Ansoff Matrix. online. Available at http//www.tutor2u.net/business/strategy/ansoff_matrix.htm Accessed on 02 September 2013. Kotler, P. and Armstong, G. 2012. Principles of marketing. 14th edition. Essex Pearson.

The Truth of All Truths Essay Example for Free

The Truth of All Truths EsenunciateSuppressing is suffering unless suffering is split than admitting Suffering is better than hurting Suppressing is better. People are the worst LIARS, not simply because of not congress the truth and liars for being comp allowely ignorant of the veridical thing or two close to what one truly feels, what one truly wants Liars for putting up an act of being perfectly fine when in truth, one is really messed up Liars for making others feel certain warmth Liars for secretly view bad for a thingLiars for hiding what the inner persona is shouting Look at the larger picture of life. Try to note the sight who are living apart from their REAL selves. I adoptt want that exactly deep inside, thats what they really long for. Im not mad but in truth, theyre really firing up. Its a joke but its the truth. I dont like you but deep inside, their hearts are good luck apart. Im okay but the reality is different. The truth is a word commonly associat ed with details but the truth is hard to fathom, hard to interpret and hard to admit.You do what is the real truth governing the twists and turns of truths? It is the fact that person has the tendency to deny things because its the heart which tells each and everyone to stop and gather up, suppress. Not judge things is a primary hindrance. Have you ever been into a situation when you want something so badly but then ended up not getting it? Have you ever been afraid of going humbug with someone you treasure? Have you ever made something to get noticed?People, in one guidance or another, have undergone all of this, whether unconsciously or not, and reacted differently. However, what most people are doing is clinging onto something even if they know that it cant be anymore. There will come a time when they may say they have already moved on but, unconsciously, there really are wounds in their heart which anaesthetize them every time and the common mistake is denying this fact. P eople tend to move on without accepting their real limits and denying everything that their heart feels.The ultimatum of it all is that most people are afraid of hurting themselves- afraid of rejection, afraid to let it all out, afraid of negative reactions Why is there a need for that? The truth will establish you free Dont make up an excuse because youre having a lie with the most important factors in your life- you and your heart. The greatest truth to be realized is to know yourself, your own feelings and emotions. Wake up, people Take it slow Live with it

Introduction to Marketing Essay Example for Free

Introduction to Marketing EssayPestle stands for political, economic, social technological, legal and environmental influences. Businesses use this as part of their marketing plan procedure. Political what is happening politically with regards to tax policies employment laws, trade restrictions, tariffs frugal what is happening within the economy i. e. economic growth/ decline, minimum wage, unemployment, credit availability, cost of living, and so on sociological what is occurring socially i. e. cultural norms and expectations, health consciousness, population growth rate, career attitudes. Technological new technologies are continually being developed. There are also changes to barriers to entry in given markets Legal changes to legislation. This may impress employment, access to materials, resources, imports/ exports, taxation etc. Environmental what is happening with respect to ecological and environmental aspects. A impression analysis is used in work line to assess th e industry which an organisation is in. The PESTLE analysis looks specifically at factors which are external to the organisation which will impact on the business. This is with a view to determine the current role and status of the organisation in relation to its competitors and good deal be used as a marketing tool.See more how to start an essaySWOT Analysis. A tool that identifies the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats of a business. SWOT is a straightforward model that assesses what a business can and can non do as salutary as its potential opportunities and threats. The method of SWOT analysis is to take the information from an environmental analysis and evidence it into internal (strengths and weaknesses) and external issues (opportunities and threats). Once this is completed, SWOT analysis determines what may assist the firm in accomplishing its objectives, and what obstacles mustiness be overcome or minimized to achieve desired results.The strengths and weak nesses are interior when it comes to a business and things that are included that could be a problem are things like buildings, the quality of their workers, the i. t systems etc. The external element focuses on the opportunities and dangers in the business. Research into the organisation is essential and required when carrying out a SWOT analaysis. By matching organisations strengths and weaknesses with the external forces. SWOT analysis brings all the proof from all the contrastive analytical techniques used.This is a way of creating a summary which gives the basis of developing the marketing objectives and strategies or point plans. Strengths These are the internal features of the business. A highly efficient IT system could be an example. Weaknesses These are the internal aspects of a business. Which dont cope well with competition? An example would be staff that are not qualified or trained properly. Opportunities This focuses on developing the business by focusing on things such as events. An example would be new territories for a particular product or a bell ringer new segment of a market.Threats These are external to the organisation and its development . Which can proceed the business and wreck the businesses performance. They can be originated by the governmental policy such as an increase in corporation tax and new law. Smart Objectives All businesses have their own objectives. They can be at different levels depending on how well the business is performance. Specific When the business sets the objectives, they must be specific so that the workers are able to follow them businesses must ensure that the instructions are clear along the oddment set.Measurable So the businesses knows on how successful they have become and to look at any changes that would affect the profit they must do a comparison of their performance in the previous years manageable The business needs to think carefully if they are going to be able to achieve their goals. practical(prenominal) The business cant set goals unless they are realistic and that they would be able to achieve these objectives. clock time The amount of time it is going to take should be stated then this way everyone has an idea and these can get done soon as.

Learning Experiences Essay Example for Free

Learning Experiences EssayThe value of education undoubtedly depends on the declargon oneself behind it. Activities in any case give the electric shaver juvenile abilities, and exclusivelyow him/her to discover abilities never kn give birth to shake off existed before, or strengthen skills that by nature exist in any human being. When a electric shaver is born, the tiddler chooses by interacting with the world around him/her, and this is the foundation for building the infants intellectually abilities as fountainhead as the chelas personality, emotionally and socially (Mahapatra, 2009). This paper foc utilises on the nurture experiences that a small fry acquires from various activities, as dictated by the shavers age. In this study, there are 5 age groups that would be considered. The first stage is the stage of younger babies, the older babies, the toddler stage, the kindy stage, and the last stage, the preschoolers. In this paper, the researcher would like to di scuss the takeing strategies to be used, including all the considerations to be involved when it comes to teaching organisation. y placehfulness babies Young babies are minorren whose age is categorized as babies who are of 6 months old from the time when they are born. During this stage, the baby shall learn basic activities such as larn to sit on his/her own and breeding to explore the world using his/her hands. Other senses are also at impart since the chela is naturally curious about the world and get out use his/her sense to learn. At this stage, babies tend to use their mouths as well(p) to explore things, which is why it is important that they be given toys that are not hazardous and will not cause choking. Some toys have been specifically designed for a babys learning purpose and these toys are safe to be kept in the mouth. Activities that evoke benefit a shavers learning experience can be aided by toys. Learning resources can fit with toys that can be placed in the small frys crib, such as colourful mobiles, as well as toys that can be espoused, such as musical toys. Other toys can be toys that require the churl to use his/her body muscles to push and pull, in instal to stimulate the small frys grabbing and grasping skills (Henig, 2008). As a instructor, it is important that the small fry be given materials to encourage him/her to be alert of his/her senses, what they are for and how to use them.For instance, the child can be given a musical ball, which the child has to squeeze in ordering for sounds to be heard. The learning experience of the child can be evaluated by the kinds of toys that stimulates the childs brain. For instance, the teacher or the caregiver can provide a variety of toys for the child to play with, and depending on what toy the child picks up the most, the teacher can decide what toy appeals more to the child. If the child picks up the musical toy more often, it means that the sound that the ball makes appea ls to the childs senses. sure-enough(a) Babies Older babies are approximately aged from 6 to 15 months. At this stage, babies are satisfactory to climb up their problem solving skills as they continue learning about a variety of new objects. They are also more able to get word people, and at this stage, the child starts to constantly seek for independence, and they try to rear their own self-esteem. Toys are also more played with, since the child starts to learn how to play correctly. For instance, when a child is given toy blocks, or toys such as Lego, the child is actually able to build something out of these blocks.In entree to this, the child is also more curious, so providing the child with a play surface area complete with swings, slides and other play structures encourages active play. Activities that could be advised for a child of this stage could be providing a child with a puzzle to complete. The teacher could provide the child with a cardboard saber saw puzzl e where the child has to form the pieces together in order to make a picture. This application helps stimulates brainpower occupation in the child, while wooden puzzles also stimulate sensory discrimination as well as the development of the childs eyes and hands.An environment such as a playground could give the child enough room to set up his/her own dramatic scene, along with his/her own playmates. The teacher can provide the child with materials such as costumes in order for the child to be more creative in role playing. The teachers responsibility at this point is only when to observe the childs activities and not to actually help the child to do the right thing. This way, the child can have more freedom to express himself/ herself. Toddlers Toddlers are aged from 15 to 36 months. At this stage, toddlers are fascinated by household objects, the different shapes of objects and their textures.It is also at this stage where the toddlers motor skills develop at a fast rate, and this is the stage where the greatest changes in a childs life and the childs mind happens. Furthermore, the child is able to express himself/herself more (University of Georgia, 2007). For this stage, the teacher can coordinate an activity that allows the child to use his sense of sound better, while also growth the childs creativity level at a faster rate. The teacher could create a fun experience for the toddler by allowing the child to use a variety of cooking utensils for the child to play with.Pots, pans, and cans can be used, and the child can be given wooden utensils so he/she can make a personalized instrument and bang the items together to make his/her own rhythm. A rhythm game can also be played where the teacher can play a certain rhythm and have the child copy it and repeat it accordingly (Tomlinson, 2008). This activity stimulates the childs response to sounds, and the teacher can begin to teach the child new words such as beat, or drum, to talk about the activit y itself, or the teacher can teach the child descriptive words to allow the child to express his/her feelings while performing the activity.At this stage, the teacher helps the child be more familiar with shapes, textures, smells and even taste. Kindy Stage This stage is concerned with kids who are aged approximately 36 to 52 months. This is the kindergarten stage, where the child has begun to talk, sing and dance. This is also the stage where the child is supposed to be taught how to read since the child can already understand some concepts about the world. Children at this stage may start to fight down at first with denotation. Therefore it is advised that the teacher or the caregiver read to the child every day.This way, the child can begin to realize that reading is a fun activity, and the child is also able to use his/her imagination as the adult reads to him/her. Learning how to read starts with a childs ears. An activity that a teacher can do for the child would be to re ad a story to the child and to ask the child questions regarding the story. For instance, after reading a story about animals, the teacher can use the help of pictures with animals on them, as well as cards containing the names of these animals. The childs projection is to attach each word card to the picture it corresponds with. This way, the child is able to be familiarize himself/herself with new vocabulary, new situations and experiences, and the child can even match what he/she learns from reading to what he/she sees, hears, touches, and taste in real life (Cooper Cooper, 2008). Preschoolers Preschoolers are from the age of 48 to 52 months old. At this stage, children can recall concepts easier, and also familiar words. They can also understand new words and new concepts better and can understand the meanings of basic words such as over, and under (Child Development Institute, LLC, 2008).When it comes to mathematical concepts such as addition and subtraction, there exists a pervasive relationship between a childs understanding and the childs procedural skills. Procedural knowledge refers to the childs skills that are required in order to solve mathematical problems. For this stage, the teacher can do an activity by using materials such as marbles. The teacher can lay out the marbles on the ground and ask the child to figuring them. The teacher can then take away a number of these marbles and ask the child to count the marbles once more.This way, the child can understand the meaning of subtraction, while the teacher can teach addition by adding more marbles to the pile and asking the student to count them. The teacher can first demonstrate how it is done first so that the child can easily follow. Such an activity helps the child to clearly understand the meaning of both addition and subtraction, as well as fate him/her to recite the numbers more often. This way, the child is also made familiar with more numbers. The teachers duty is to ensure that the child is able to count properly, as well as add properly and subtract properly.Previous stages allowed the child to have the freedom to perform in any way the child wants. At this age, however, the teacher should introduce the child to correct mathematical concepts so the child is able to nurse in his/her mind such information (Geary et al. 2000) Such mathematical drills should be performed time and time again so that the child will not easily forget. The teacher can evaluate the childs performance by repeating the exercise again and again, giving way for the child to make mistakes.For all the activities mentioned, it would help the teacher as well to use the reward system when a child performs well. This is oddly advised for children who may be stubborn and require a little pushing in order to perform accordingly or better. It must also be noted that children cannot be expected to learn quickly so the teacher must be patient and should help the child do so (Fendrich et al. 1993)References Child Development Institute, LLC. 2008. Language development in children, on January 15 2009, from http//www. childdevelopmentinfo.com/development/language_development. shtml Cooper, T. Cooper, S. (2009) Teaching reading Part One, retrieved on January 15 2009 from http//www. teaching-children-to-read. net/ Fendrich, D. W, Healy, A Bourne, L (1993) Mental arithmetic Training and belongings of multiplication skill, Cognitive Psychology Applied, pp. 116-133. Geary, D, Hamson, C Hoard, M (2000) Numerical and arithmetical cognition A longitudinal study of process and concept deficits in children with learning disability, Journal of Experimental Child Psychology, 77, pp.236-263. Henig, R. (Februaru 17 2008) taking play seriously, New York Times Magazine, p. 38. Mahapatra, A. (January 11 2009) Activity leads to learning, The Hindu. Tomlinson, P. (2008) Psychological theory and pedagogical effectiveness The learning promotion potential network, British Journal of Educat ional Psychology, 78, pp. 507-526. University of Georgia (2007) Learning and development infants birth to 12 months. Better Brains for Babies, retrieved January 15, 2009 from http//www. fcs. uga. edu/bbbgeorgia/childDev_00-12. php