Limitations of Previous Researches Essay Example

Limitations of Previous Researches Essay In summary, the previous researches on attentional systems have indicated that studying eye movement is a limited way of furthering knowledge about the process of attention. T has been established by a number of researches that orienting attention can occur even before the movement of the eye to the object. Moreover focusing on visual attention alone sacrifices the scientific insights that we might gain from studying more than one sensory modality.Visual attention has been well researched over the years and more so because of the fact that it is one of the major faculties that we have and much of its physiology is known. On the other hand auditory attention is unchartered territory given that it lacks neurological explanations unlike vision. We know of the anatomy of the ear but how the ear process sound and how it relays it to the brain has largely been understudied.The findings of past experiments on auditory attention have had been conflicting and was always measured in conjunction with visual cues, this is a pragmatic view since what has been done with visual attention could also possibly work with auditory attention. A true auditory covert attention experiment has not been fully investigated to date. The advent of technology and the advantages of using 3-dimensional sound have revived the interest in auditory attention experiments.The wide range of technologically advanced equipments we have at present allows us to investigate complex processes like auditory attention. We will write a custom essay sample on Limitations of Previous Researches specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Limitations of Previous Researches specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Limitations of Previous Researches specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer And with the increasing complexity and present demands to the human attention it is desired that investigations into the workings of our mind and bodily senses be explored so as to generate knowledge that would help enhance our attentional capabilities. One major limitation of the researches that has already been conducted into covert spatial attention is that the equipment and experimental designs used do not measure true spatial performance.The equipments used in the past experiments were not sensitive enough and have thus limited the results of the study. Experiments are designed to control for various nonattentional effects, such as response priming and criterion shift, by having cue-target stimuli in different spatial dimensions. However, the experimental environment and methods employed in the previous studies were not able to adequately control for the possible effects of priming and memorization.Taking this into consideration, we intend to replicate these experiments in a vir tual environment, which would allow greater freedom to conduct more realistic spatial experiments without compromising on experimental control and equipment limitations. The use of virtual audio has been investigated by a number of researchers with a varying degree of success. One of the main limitations in using 3-D virtual audio in the past has been the inability of virtual audio to reduce the number of front-back confusions to that of free-field localization.Martin, McAnally Senova (2001) used a technique of recording golay responses in the inner ear canal via placement of miniature microphones in the participant’s ears. The use of this technique had the effect of reducing the number of front-back confusions to equivalent levels as that of free-field localization. A number of studies have used this technique to produce free-field equivalent virtual 3-D audio, and then apply the virtual audio in situations where free-field presentation of spatial audio is problematic, for example in the cockpit of an aircraft.The goals of the current research are threefold. First, due to the continued debate on the nature of pure auditory spatial attention, the confirmation of the research by Spence Driver (1994) into covert spatial orienting in audition is desirable; it would help establish that covert auditory spatial attention do exists. Secondly, the nature of endogenous processing in covert spatial orienting in audition is still unclear, due to the lack of a purely auditory cueing paradigm.While the nature of endogenous processing does not require a spatial stimulus to drive attention to the appropriate areas in space, a non-spatial stimulus has been used in previous research to indicate the area of space in which the mechanism is most likely to encounter the target stimuli. In the past this stimulus has taken the form of a visual indicator, and the use of a similar non-spatial auditory indicator may shed some light on any possible interference caused as a resu lt of any multi-modal effects.Finally, due to the limitations enforced on more complicated research into auditory attention by the nature of producing spatial audio, it is desirable to confirm the previous results obtained by Spence and Driver (1994) in a virtual auditory environment. If the use of virtual audio is equivalent to previous findings, then this would allow the future use of virtual audio without the concern that by doing so may confound any results obtained. Hence any findings derived from this study will help further the theoretical knowledge of auditory attention and aid in the practical use of multisensory equipments.

Fathers Day Messages of Love

Fathers Day Messages of Love Have you read about Team Hoyt? Dick Hoyt and Rick Hoyt, the father-son duo who surmounted all odds to prove that anything is possible if you believe. Rick Hoyt, a quadriplegic with cerebral palsy and his dad Dick Hoyt are an inseparable team that competes in triathlons, marathons, and other races. Together, they have competed in over a thousand athletic activities. Their story speaks of inspiration, endurance, and love. A father who will stop at nothing to give his son a fulfilling life. A son who worships his father and enthusiastically participates in his fathers mission. The Hoyt team is truly a remarkable icon of father-son love. In everyday life, we come across many such devoted fathers. Your dad may not perform extraordinary feats to prove his fatherly love. But his simple gestures will convince you how much he loves you. He may not express his love with words or gifts. But actions speak louder than words. Notice how protective he gets about you? Watch the worry lines crease his forehead when he is unable to fulfill your desires? That speaks of love. Fathers Day Messages Help Bridge the Gap Many dads experience a strange awkwardness at expressing their feelings towards their kids. It gets tougher as kids grow up. When children attain teenage, the father-child relationship can get strained. Have you ever been given the cold shoulder, or the silent treatment, by your teenage daughter? The problem may not be you, it could be the teenage phase. Teenage can be difficult for fathers and children. Fathers need to handle this difficult phase with sensitivity. As a father, you need to express your love and support to your child. Sometimes, words may be difficult. However, these Fathers Day quotes and sayings can help express your feelings. You can reach out to your son or daughter with thoughtful, sweet quotes. Shower Your Father With Love Your father, however tough he may be from the outside, is a softhearted man. He needs your love just as much as you need his. On Fathers Day, break the barrier of awkwardness and express yourself. With a meaningful Fathers Day message, you can reach out to him. Barack Obama Above all, children need our unconditional love, whether they succeed or make mistakes; when life is easy and when life is tough. Dick Hoyt When we got home from that race that night, Rick wrote on the computer, Dad, when I run it feels like my disability disappears. So, that was a very powerful message to me. Reed Markham Being a great father is like shaving. No matter how good you shaved today, you have to do it again tomorrow. Mark Wahlberg I stopped smoking weed for my kids. One day, we were driving and you could smell it from somewhere. My daughter asked what the smell was so I told her it was a skunk. Then she said, ‘Sometimes Daddy smells like that!’ to me and my wife. So I knew I had to quit. Tiger Woods Giving my son, Charlie, a bath, for example, beats chipping another bucket of balls. Making mac and cheese for him and his sister, Sam, is better than dining in any restaurant. Sharing a laugh watching cartoons or reading a book beats channel-surfing alone. Some nights now, it’s just me and the kids, an experience that’s both trying and rewarding. Probably like the experience a lot of families have every evening around the world. Brandon Routh, Superman Returns You will make my strength your own. You will see my life through your eyes, as your life will be seen through mine. The son becomes the father and the father becomes the son. George Banks, Father of the Bride Ive always been a concerned parent. Im big on car seats, seat belts, bed times, curfews, calling when you get somewhere, never running with a sharp object. What can I say? Im a father. Worrying comes with the territory. Robert Downey Jr. Do I want to be a hero to my son? No. I would like to be a very real human being. Thats hard enough. Jay-Z I thought I would be more inspired to have all these new feelings to talk about, but I really just want to hang out with my daughter. Dave Barry For Dad, the perfect Fathers Day would be one in which he didnt even realize that it was Fathers Day, because nobody was making him appreciate gifts he didnt want, or read greeting cards filled with lame Fathers Day poetry. Lydia M. Child Blessed indeed is the man who hears many gentle voices call him father! John Sinor It is admirable for a man to take his son fishing, but there is a special place in heaven for the father who takes his daughter shopping. Aeschylus Honour thy father and thy mother stands written among the three laws of most revered righteousness. Dan Zevin Lately all my friends are worried that theyre turning into their fathers. Im worried that Im not. Mike Sager The reward of child rearing is spending the rest of your life proudly knowing this person you helped guide. Let him be himself. Jean Paul Richter The words that a father speaks to his children in the privacy of home are not heard by the world, but, as in whispering-galleries, they are clearly heard at the end and by posterity. Louisa May Alcott Father asked us what was Gods noblest work. Anna said men, but I said babies. Men are often bad, but babies never are. Bruce Springsteen In the early years, I found a voice that was my voice and also partly my fathers voice. But isnt that what you always do? Why do kids at 5 years old go into the closet and put their daddys shoes on? Hey, my kids do it. Will Arnett I want my son to wear a helmet twenty four hours a day.

Discuss whether or not the 19th century was a period of progress Essay

Discuss whether or not the 19th century was a period of progress - Essay Example A perusal of the writings of various 19th century authors like Mary Shelley, Frederick Douglas, Sojourner Truth, Rudyard Kipling, John Stuart Mill and Stà ©phane Mallarmà © was made to ascertain the answer to the problem being posed. The result of the inquiry into the aforesaid writers’ works supports the hypothesis that the 19th century was a period of progress not only in the realm of sciences and research but also in the areas of human and social outlook. The 19th century was a period of growth in the field of sciences, research and industry. This is the implication of Mary Shelley’s Frankenstein (1818) which is a Gothic novel about a scientist who discovered how to give life to inanimate objects such as a corpse. It is evident from this work that at the time Shelley wrote this novel, the industrial revolution already exploded at least in Europe which became her basis for her descriptions of the mechanical contraptions used by her primary character to create his ‘monster.’ The miserable musings of Frankenstein who is both guilt-ridden for having stepped into the shoes of God and loathing of the ugly creature, which is human but not human, he created represent Shelley’s caveat against engaging too much in insatiable scientific quests and exploration to the extent of overstepping on God’s jurisdiction. This is evident in the following lines by Frankenstein: â€Å"Learn from me, if not by my precepts, how dangerous is the acquirement of knowledge and how much happier that man is who believes his native town to be the world, then he who aspires to be greater than his nature will allow† (33). This passage implies that at the time Shelley wrote this novel in 1818, there was a stream of scientific movements going on quite different and more advanced and bolder in scope than what the world was used to that it alarmed the mind of the then young Shelley who must have thought these developments were bordering on blasphemy. To this extent, Shelley

Sponsorship generates significant marketing advantage for the sponsor Literature review

Sponsorship generates significant marketing advantage for the sponsor while it provides strong financial base for the events success - Literature review Example It is often regarded as brand messaging application that communicates standard messages across non-traditional as well as traditional media. Various promotional techniques are encompassed within this approach so as to deliver appropriate messages to end customers. Through this integrated platform a synergy is established amongst all communication channels. The concept of integrated marketing communications was originally framed by American Association of Advertising. Promotional measures which are incorporated by a firm helps to achieve set marketing campaign objectives. IMC can also be stated as a framework that defines wide array of marketing strategic roles such as advertising, public relations, sales promotions, etc. In modern world apart from maintaining desired level of quality in products or services it is also essential to enhance clarity in brand messages. The diverse set of techniques when effectively combined with communications plan enhances consistency, impact and overal l clarity. IMC or integrated marketing communication has evolved due to some shifts. The shift has occurred from low accountability, traditional, mass media to a high accountability, specialized and interactive media. In all form of business activities integration is an essential component. For instance in marketing activities, integration enables business stakeholders to work in coordination with one another. The benefits of this innovative approach can be further determined on basis of search marketing, accessibility and convenience, aggregation of information and services, social media and mobile growth. There are different marketing communication tools and sponsorship is to be focused on in this study. In present scenario sponsorship is not only beneficial for sponsors in terms of spreading brand awareness but even serves as a strong financial base for the events taking place. It is an advertising tool that is implemented in order to bring in

Homelessness Essay Example for Free

Homelessness Essay Homelessness is defined as the situation where one has no decent place to stay mostly because they cannot afford it. Homeless families are those who lack permanent places to live in and instead have to live in shelters, motels, cars, campgrounds or with family members or friends. The extent of homelessness varies with varying factors in the US for instance the geographical location, gender and age. (Levinson D, 2004). Homelessness in the USA is a social or rather a national problem that has been increasing over the years. Giving the exact or accurate figures of homeless people in the US is a difficult task as it tends to be a temporary problem. Again, the approach used to count the homeless people is using the service providers who deal with them paving way for miscounting as not all homeless people would use such facilities. According to a research by the National Law Center on Homelessness and Poverty in 2007 there were approximately 3. 5million people in America out of which 1. 35 were children. The population affected by poverty is diverse in the sense that it incorporates single adults, adults with children as well as the homeless youth. (National Coalition for the Homeless, 2008). This paper will focus on the nature, scope and population affected by homelessness in the US; it will also highlight the possible solutions to the problem. As David in ‘Encyclopedia of homelessness’ noted one way of estimating the extent of family homelessness in the US was to establish the number of homeless people who were from homeless families. It was established that over 41% of the homeless people came from homeless families. (Levinson D, 2004). The National Coalition for the Homeless estimated that in 2003 the number of children below 18 years was 39% of the total homeless population 42% of which were children below five years of age. In terms of gender, the proportion of the males versus females varied when varying factors were put into account. For the single adults without children males were more than females at 65% but for those with children the proportion was lower at 35%. The number of homeless people with children has been increasing over the years in both the rural as well as the urban areas. (National Coalition for the Homeless, 2008). The history of homelessness in the US dates back to the period before the American Revolution and is therefore not a recent phenomenon. This was triggered by the need to seek better employment opportunities in places far from homes. The issue however came to the public domain in the 1980’s and the federal, state as well as local governments channeled finances to resolve the problem. (Rossi P, 1991). These efforts included the establishment of shelters and housing programs but the problem persisted precipitating the adoption of another model to address the issue. It became apparent that the homeless needed the provision of supportive programs and the housed ‘homeless’ would be treated as tenants in their permanent housing. (Levinson D, 2004). As various scholars have established the major cause for homelessness in the US is poverty which makes houses unaffordable to many who can barely afford the necessities of life let alone the expensive houses. (Ploeg J and Scholte E, 1997). Such people cannot afford food, health care, education and child care. Despite the fact that over the years the economy has been growing and it is expected that people’s standards would improve this has not been attained in a uniform manner. Low income earners have faced the music as their pays have remained relatively low and this situation is made worse by the fact that their jobs offer minimal or no benefits. (Burt R, 1999). Their wages have either remained stagnant or have been falling all attributed to the fact that the bargaining power of the labor unions has reduced and the value of the minimum wages eroded. Temporary or part time jobs, increased globalization and a reduction of jobs in the manufacturing sector also contribute to reduced wages. Reduced wages make housing unaffordable to many as housing costs more than the minimum wage. Proof that the reduced wages play a significant role in perpetuating homelessness in the US can be seen in the high numbers of fulltime employed worker living in shelters. (Levinson D, 2004). A reduction in federal assistance to the poor has also led to aggravated poverty rates which lead to homelessness. Programs that initially assisted the poor for instance the Food Stamps and Temporary Assistance to Needy Families have been reduced and the poor have to feel the full weight of all the costs they need to meet. (Levinson D, 2004). Lack of housing assistance programs also makes the problem of homelessness intense. Low cost housing units introduced were ineffective in realizing the intended goal of assisting the needy. Some were converted to expensive apartments and the poor were left unassisted. A stronger economy sees the prices of housing rise making them unaffordable to many poor people. Levinson D, 2004). There were also minimal house assisted units against a massive number of poor people and many had to stay on long waiting lists. As people wait to be placed on the low cost housing units they had to look for places to live in. Other factors that trigger homelessness include the lack of affordable health care which sees people with an added cost to meet. Domestic violence also leads to homelessness especially when battered unemployed women run away from their battering and bread winner husbands. Mental illness also plays a role in influencing homelessness in the US. Statistics have it that over 15% of the total homeless population suffers from some form of mental illness. Some suffer from chronic or persistent mental illnesses or disorders. (National Coalition for the Homeless, 2008). Natural calamities are also to blame for homelessness in America. A good illustration is the hurricane Katrina and Rita which saw the destruction of over 300000 homes. (Mathison S and Ross E, 2008). Since the problem of homelessness is caused by many factors, no single solution would suffice to whip it out. It is important to adopt both proactive as well as reactive approaches. Proactive measures would be geared to preventing homelessness while the reactive measures would be resolving the problem after its occurrence. It would be vital to ensure that the minimum wage is uplifted so that even the low income earners have a higher amount of money at their disposal. The government ought to renew its commitment in providing low cost housing units. Educational programs among the homeless would place them at a better position in seeking for employment opportunities in the very competitive job market. This way the vicious circle of homelessness would be reduced. The government can also adopt measures that would ensure increased job opportunities as unemployment triggers homelessness. The adoption of community based programs for instance transitional housing as well as emergency shelter only offers temporary solutions and permanent solutions are vital. Since the homeless face many problems ranging from insecurity, inadequate health food supplies and medical care facilities their provision would be effective. (Wiecha L, Dwyer T and Dunn-Strohecker, M, 1991). The government at the various levels must see to it that the homeless gain accessibility to quality health as well as enough and nutritional food. The young children especially those below five years of age must be treated with the specialty they deserve. (Backner I and Bassouk E, 1997). Appropriate strategies must also be enforced to allow those suffering from mental illnesses that can be effectively treated from home gain access to housing as they form a sizable number of the homeless population. Programs to reduce alcohol and drug abuse would also be appropriate in the eradication of homelessness in the US. (Whitt C. 1994).

AI vs Frankenstein :: essays research papers

Movie: Artificial Intelligence Synopsis: In the not-so-far future the polar ice caps have melted and the resulting rise of ocean waters has drowned all the coastal cities of the world. Withdrawn to the interior of the continents, the human race keeps advancing, reaching to the point of creating realistic robots-called mechas-to serve them. An ambitious Professor succeeds in building David, an artificial kid, the first of its kind programmed to provide endless love for its adopter. David is adopted by Monica as a substitute for her real son, but an unfortunate sequence of events leads Monica to abandon David. Believing that Monica will love him only if he becomes a real boy, David sets off to find the Blue Fairy (from the fairy tale Pinocchio), whom he earnestly believes is the only one with the power to grant him his wish. Explanation: Artificial Intelligence is very similar to Mary Shelly’s Frankenstein in that the underlying themes, questions asked, and moral issues raised are the same. The main idea being appropriated is that of creating life, although not ‘life’ in its usual context referring to living organisms. The ‘life’ created (or rather built) in AI is in fact a mere imitation of life, a mechanical substitute human boy†¦artificial intelligence. In AI, the creation is David, and he bears immediate similarities to the Frankenstein monster. In the book, the monster was to be Frankenstein’s ‘perfect’ human, a soul who knew nothing but love. Ironically, David was programmed to provide unconditional love and also served the purpose of being the perfect replacement of a ‘human’ boy. The desire to aid mankind through scientific and technological advancement is shared by both creators in their respective texts. In the film however, the Frankenstein equivalent is indirectly achieved by another character after David’s initial creation. The Frankenstein role is in fact fulfilled by Monica, David’s adopter (‘mother’), who activates David by ‘imprinting’ him to her. Although for different reasons, both ‘parents’ (mother/father figures) hastily rush the ‘activation’ process without closely assessing the risks and responsibilities of their doings or even realizing the wishes of their creations. Both creators end up abandoning their creations, leaving them alone, friendless in societies where they are both hunted. A woman talking to the Professor in the first scene of the film asks directly: â€Å"if a robot child loves his mother, is she expected to love him back?†-â€Å"Can a robot be loved?† The film maintains the same stance as Mary Shelley’s book by arguing that society is in fact to blame for the mistreatment of David.

About Yourself Essay

Q: Describe briefly your current job/most recent job responsibilities. State the knowledge and skills you have acquired from this experience A: My recent job assignment was in Testing domain of TAPAS Vodafone UK project. We have to test the codes of the development team to validate if the business and functional requirements are met. Our tasks inclued-; * Understand and analyse what are the expected outcomes from the interfaces of the Development team by going through the revelant documents and and with adequate discussion with the Dev team. * Based on the above, author the Test Cases and Test Scenarios for validating and testing the functional and business requirements of the project * On the technical front, we are expected to execute the shell scripts batches in Unix Environment to generate the data file which is to be checked from the back-end (Oracle 11g) With the help of SQL queries as well as from the front-end Oracle Retail Merchandising System (ORMS). * As our project mates were located in other parts of the Infosys Offices eg Bangalore, Hyderabad as well as onsite location London, we frequently (usually daily) needed to interact with peers and seniors to discuss the status and progress of the project along with the other issues faced by us, it helped me improve my verbal and no-verbal communication. * As part of testing, we have to raise the defects in an online Quality Control tool which was later assigned to the respective developer to fix the bug and many times we would find us in arguments and discussions with the respective devepoler, asserting and proving their points and stand which helped me in inculcating a healthy professional relation and to remain honest with my task and duty at the same time. * It also helped me in approaching and interacting with new people with the sound technical expertise and skills and put forward my ideas , opinions, doubts among my peers and seniors. Q: Describe briefly the most important situ ation in which you have demonstrated leadership skills during your professional career (not exceeding 250 words) See more:Â  The Story of an Hour Literary Analysis Essay Q: Describe briefly the most important situation in which you have demonstarted your ability to work in teams during your professional carees (not exceeding 250 words) A: Last month we, with the motive of improving the interaction among the floor-mates , we, a group of 12 persons of different projects and teams of the same floor planned,discussed and organised a event named L3 Trivia. We as volunteer and anchors, had the job of finding some unusual, interesting and little known facts about our floormates and frame these in a questionaire form to be found and answered by the randomly formed teams for which the team will be awarded marks. The teams had to work together and was asked to take signatures and click a pictures with the respective person to make it interesting and to ensure that everyone knows everyone else by his name and face. The other members of the organising team had to collect the crowd at one place and distribute the different coloured cards on the basis on which teams of 10-11 persons would be formed. As an anchor , we have to gather and handle the team with same coloured cards. We needed to coordinate the randomly formed teams, have a quick introduction with each-other and help them in picking a Team Lead. Apart from this, we had to hand them the Questionaire Sheet , explain them the rules of the games, clarify their doubts as well as encouraging them at the same time and evaluating their scores at the end. This event got amazing and overwhelming response from the floormates and everyone took out the time for this playful event. We, volunteers were not only appriciated by seniors and HR for our effotrs and hardship for managing,organising this event enjoyable and a hit but we also get to know new people and make friends and exhibit our managerial skills as well. Q: Why do you wish to go for a management career A: I always have an interminable dream to have my own business most preferably in online business where I can tap my technical skills of developing online applications. I believe that going for a Management Degree will be a wise idea for helping me in materialising my dream because it will not only help me understand the nitty-gritty of the business administration but will also provide me the the essential knowledge, idea, skills and techniques for management. The process of earning this degree will help me to think critically, deal with ambiguity and solve complex business scenarios through case study approach which requires us to evaluate business dilemmas and formulate the best plans of actions. Not only this, the environment there will motivate , develop and improve my soft courses in leadership, people skills and social interaction that can be a help in any walk of life. Before starting my own venture and entering into the business world , I would need a broad perspective of business world like how industry and business works and this degree will definitely give me an invaluable exposure to business concepts and development in functional areas. I think that this degree will help me in achieving an interesting and more responsible and influentional position. In addition, it will provide me the opportunity to meet new ,interesting, and important people and be challenged by peers and experts. That can help our career along. The MBA degree will prepare me to face the situations that can be faced in real life business scenarios, foster own personal growth, develop exciting career opportunities as well as networks. Q: What alternative careers are you considering and why? A: If I didn’t get the opportunity to persue MBA this year, I will continue my present job at Infosys as a engineer for few years to gather more sound technical knowledge and at the same time try to bring through capital for venturing my own start-up. Q: Describe your strengths/weaknesses as identified by you. A: My strengths can be listed as: * Disciplined and honest towards my duty * Ability to contribute positively as team player * Easily adopt to any environment * Self motivated and confidant My weaknesses can be listed as: * Inconsistent * Easily stressed * Have trouble in planning and prioritization Q: What is your most significant accomplishment so far A: I would recount one of my junior school incident in this case because I had a very positive influence of this incident in formative years at the school. Our school had an annual ceremony to elect the School Leader at both junior (1-6 class) and senior (7-10 class) sections. Teachers and sisters at our school used to assemble the entire junior/senior wing and the students were told to write the names of their candidates based on academics, sports, extra co-curricular activities etc. In a surprising outcome, out of 500 students from the entire junior wing, around 350 have voted in my favour. I was really thrilled to know this because I had never this idea or anticipation that my other classmates and juniors would know me, forget about being admired or revered!!! Although I have always been a good student and excelled in academics and few extra-co-curricular activities, I was also very garrulous, boisterous and a bit indiscplined, so being elected as a School Leader whose responsibility was to ensure discipline was difficult task. But I was really taken aback and amazed by this oucome and even I was not sure if I would be able to shoulder this responsibilty with honestly. This was the first time experience in my life that instilled me with a sense of responsibility.