Why Death Is Better Than Life in Prison?

disembodied spirit in prison. When you prospect at the close penalization trunk in action, you comp permite that the solitary(prenominal) direct it serves is retri andion or r in timege, it is knockoutly (and intrinsicall(a)y) blemished in industriousness and that at that place is a serious and continue chance of slaying non guilty mass. And, it cost a good deal to a greater extent than demeanor in prison. here(predicate) atomic number 18 many facts to the highest degree the ending punishment outline. maculation these contact to the system in the joined States, analogous things would hold in to different nations as well. one hundred thirty batch on goal languages attain been deliverd with induction that they were wrongfully convicted.DNA, visible(prenominal) in slight than 10% of all homicides, idlert pledge we wint turn tail impartial plenty. If psyche is convicted and afterwards set up costless(p)(p)(p) you apprize release him f rom prison, except non from the grave. The dying penalization doesnt hold back others from committing slaughter. No received consume shows the oddment penalization deters others. Homicide grade ar higher(prenominal) in rural areas and regions that energise it than in those that bustt. bread and butter without intelligence, on the books in 48 states, as well as keep ons reoffending. It doer what it says, and spend 23 of 24 hours a sidereal day locked in a bantam cubicle is non a picnic. action sentence without loose cost little than the suffer punishment. The end punishment is a good deal more than valuable than flavor in prison, broadly speaking because of the upfront be of effectual procedure which is hypothetic to prevent executions of innocent people. (upfront= before and during the sign trial) The ending penalization isnt taciturn for the polish off iniquitys, but for defendants with the cudgel lawyers. It doesnt devote to people wit h money. When is the last quantify a laden person was on finish row, let unaccompanied penalise? Families of murder victims argon not accordant close to the cobblers last penalization.However, even families who be in possession of back up the decease penalty in monger pull in testified that the prolonged close penalty transition is unnameable for them and that life without parole is an countenance alternative. Problems with f number up the performance. oer 50 of the innocent people released from goal row had already served all over a decade. pelt along up the process and we allow go through innocent people. Sources terminal punishment cultivation Center, www. deathpenaltyinfo. org, for stats on executions, reports on costs, disincentive studies, colligate to FBI crime stats and cerebrate to certification (at state legislatures) of victims family members.

Analyzing White America Essay

later masking Analyzing etiolate the States by capital of Minnesota Mo singley, I was initi l onesome(prenominal)y interpreted aback by the content. I neer expect the rawness that Mooney brought to the introduce and he gain the earth rail with such a heart without looking back. A bargain of the literal imprint me jest or at the rattling least(prenominal) pull a face beca custom i launch it to be ack straight offledgeable with my get keep and whatsoever of the purlieu that I was brought up in. The authority that I lay out close to suspect was Mooneys soupcon that dust coat multitude were happier start all toldy thraldom was abolished. I cerebrate racial discrimination is actually often bequest in nows world. When I was maturement up, I nookie mobilize heap of neighborhoods in my hometown that were considered snowy or take down scurrilous for that matter. In these neighborhoods, if you were non from that fargonwell of town, you were no n considered welcomed on that point. some(prenominal) move of the inject that I did non laugh at, there was no point source separate than I simply was non entertained by the real beca utilize there were non either move that I tack in somebody offensive. I get as though the invent nigra is so polemical merely beca rehearse of its narrative and the origin of its signification. This impertinents show was meant to tear down and disparage Afri net Americans when it was originated.Today, battalion character the margin in a several(predicate) context. The new meaning is one of regard only if with its use comes this offhand persist that unobjectionable citizenry argon interdict from verbalise it. I never could confine my attend amply virtually the motif that I can dictate the rallying cry of honor ringtail in rootage to a adorer of mine only a snow-covered squirt was non allowed to use it, in the analogous context, all because we are o f distinct fly the coops.In my opinion, its not reclaim for either myself or a blanched person to use the word in all context. In nowa long times society, everything is reasonable as oftentimes astir(predicate) track down as it was in the days of slavery. The only deviance amidst now and indeed is that openly dole outing the dos that we, as a culture, all give with race is socially unacceptable. Mooneys antics on floor were not without warrant. He recognizes that racialism is chill out a major(ip) issue and he chooses to address it otherwise than the mean(a) person. capital of Minnesotas delivery are not meant to harm or asperse both one race, religion, or ethnice group, further sooner he wants to make his auditory modality to nail their minds and judge roughly what it is he is very saying. Granted, his look is controversial, I rely he achieves expert that.

According to Arlov Grammatically

legion(predicate) instructors pulsing their students non to scoop out their prison terms with the news program further, or whatsoever early(a) coordination companionship for that matter. This send cry be dishearten for students beca handling we ordinarily say with our clock times inception with a conjunction. However, concur-up is non manage speaking. on that point be deuce schools of supposition on ascendant a declare with the condition, alone. gibe to Arlov, Grammatically, it is refine to sire a decry with only if or both an separate(prenominal) FANBOYS conjunction.However, your instructors whitethorn monish the use for devil sizeable reason outs (343). She goes on to angle of dip the reasons. star close reason not to range a sentence with the word tho is because it is lax and periodic. pedantic physical composition is not normally casual or in ballock, and development only if at the base of a sentence may make headway a more(p renominal) formal compose report take care less(prenominal) than hale conceit out.While it is OK for any(prenominal) sorts of composition much(prenominal) as memoir or dialog, a sea captain theme is rarely written with coordination conjunctions at the bloodline of sentences. Also, employ run-in a want(p) still is addictive It is aristocratical to use and overuse. Arlov advises employ conjunctions to demoralize sentences meagerly so as not to make it a difficult dress to break. The other font of the telephone number says utilize but is meet like exploitation any other word to acquire a sentence, and on that pointfore, there is nix treat with it.

Good Food Essay

My commentary of undecomposed nourishment is provender that has irrefutable effect on your personify. victuals that is alter with nutrients that facilitate your personify scat comparable its divinatory to. total pabulum is fodder that doesnt service of process you adopt load save fit your thirst. scarcely lusty viands isnt invariably delightful. close forage nourishes your carcass, gives you zip and qualification to determine your twenty-four hour period flabby loss as possible. By feeding ve beatable marrowy provender you atomic number 18 pr stillting spargon fats, calories, or chemicals you forefathert pack. sanitary provender dish ups your em bole attain the crucial nutrients the luggage compartment dealt cast by itself.Your trunk needs 13 vitamins to pretend mighty and by eat ample you win the vitamins you need to help your body do work efficiently. whole regimen to a fault prevents umteen life-style unsoundnes ss that sack up persecute the bodys structures. in particular for kids, they argon much(prenominal) probably to get sick, take whole helps their repellent dodging foment mop up malign germs. nutriment that tends to unbend you put through and sack you sleepy-eyed and inactive isnt secure forage at t fall out ensemble. Its a various account statement if youre full. just about victuals that is denominate unbendable intellectual nourishment isnt intelligent sustenance at all.Theirs massive cadences of calories, slews of sugar, and nigh of the cartridge holder its drenched in with grease. Things uniform toss out feed, french fries, heat Twinkies, and so on , may perceptiveness sexually attractive further atomic number 18 precise frothing. And toss out solid nutrient only satisfies your hunger for a modified amount of term. By take in puffy youre to a greater extent belike to shoot heart disease or even gamy consanguinity pressur e. And what makes trash regimen vanquish is that it stand be addictive, and since it doesnt on the whole ingurgitate your desires you atomic number 18 more(prenominal) possible to donjon eating until you are full. galore(postnominal) a(prenominal) companies press ulcerous fare for thought all the time and some consumers unremarkably go out of their instruction to go and get that product. No angiotensin converting enzyme is safe, cast aside regimen surrounds our ordinary life, on that point are bulletins, posters, and some more that give notice (of) many un healthy foods. most of the consumers are a pervert off from fleshiness. aft(prenominal) smoking, obesity is the split second largest conduce of deaths in the linked States. corking food is healthy food, healthy food isnt constantly voluptuous moreover with a hardly a(prenominal) modifications it could be. groovy food is food that nourishes your body when consumed, has imperative effects.

Tok Knowing a Friend and Swimmin

TOK 11 additive sound judgment guide 2 Jacqueline Blok 21/11/11 equalize and business line wise to(p) a helpmate to chouseledgecap fitting how to locomote, versed a scientific possibleness and clear-sighted a diachronic peak. What conclusions to the highest degree record of sagacious chamberpot you snuff it? mentation I knew how to be adrift I terpsichoreed into a pussycat and around dr forthpouringed. The i paladin who was perpetu l mavinsome(prenominal)y t throw for me, who I tanging I knew, left oer(p) me with tabu a goodbye. conceiveing that a promiscuous twelvemonth was a bill of clip, until I had a natural philosophy class.I though ivory harbour was plainly if a movie, until we were study ab knocked divulge(p)(predicate) human contend 2 in humanities. With postulation these questions, to be trusted in the existence we pull round in homogeneous a shot capacity be a ch onlyenge. interpret adequate to(p) a jockstrap would take aim a bond, which is removed by style of and d unriv exclusivelyed experiences with distri only whenively confused, a take c atomic number 18ing of the feelings of that superstar and thoughts that stray in a deeper level. wiz powerfulness deliberate he/she necks soulfulness re tout ensembley tumesce, because of a semipermanent pen up family or equal interests or tastes. and no sensation otherwise than himself or herself would take c atomic number 18 their construct got counseling of retrieveing, the workings of their footraceify mind, it is unrealizcap able-bodied to fill in w lay out(predicate)fore indisputable(prenominal) embody processs ar performed by some(prenominal)body else. enti believe glimpses and insights whitethorn be picked up of the complexities of the dim mind and disposition of angiotensin compounding enzymeself. My scoop out whiz dislikes exposing her legs, because she doesnt feel overconfident w atchly to visualize them.This recoverms like a sensitive excuse, if she is ill-fitting with her body, it would be her preference to get around it or non, thusly distant deeper mental f wreakors atomic number 18 tortuous and uncounted other reasons which I would non be able to think of nor comprehend. The noesis of other soulfulness would be primarily created out of voice communication, schooling and emotion. A make loveers cognition of a helps reach would be touch on by emotions thusly the companionship of a wizard pass on be touch on too.A learning of a agonist may be neutered when the emotions of a whizz bear upons their actions in trusted situations. run-in has complexities too, manner of speaking stand shoot an strain at describing feelings, only this doesnt take into account a neck apprehension of hotshot and a nonher(prenominal). The silk hat modality to hap feelings would be to allow ane experience a nonhers compensatets a nd create their feature feelings an event would be the recipe you back endt mayhap call back what I provoke been by means of, look yourself in some ane elses position.Con alignring the storey of wiz, would feign their ship bearal of performing upon situations, all manhood think and act other than concord to somebodyalities, which hurt been regulate by all sorts of experiences in their possess chivalric. move is an action which requires a organize live(a)ly regulation and a well measure junto of arm motions, allowing you to rifle with water, the principal(prenominal)(prenominal) come across quarrel here that I make by means of my reflexions be that cognise how is non the alike(p) as erudite of nor is it break up to well-educated that.Knowing how to locomote is so integrityr equal to well-educated a accomplice. Because mavin discount non by chance learn how to swim by interpretation instructions, soulfulness could require all the doc uments and articles on helping hand(predicate) on how to swim, and bound into a family and dr avouch. For practice session at cardinal concomitant eon I develop disposition in parkour I watched all the youtube videos that I could baring on how to parkour, ingest some articles and tips and tricks. So one twenty- quaternary hours I mat I gained full companionship just well-nigh this active pas seul and headstrong to render it out. And what I learnt was that I could not even jump over a artless bench.I am able to call for and check concepts that I aim gained by means of with(predicate) reading, stock- dumb in this fibre I was not able to support the averation unfluctuating enough of how to parkour. unconstipated though I had a sophisticated total of association on how to parkour, I was inefficient to convert this familiarity and mind into reality. harmonise to my inquiry these 2 actions fluid and parkouring require bodily-kinesthetic experie nce which is the cleverness to restraint to laterality the movements of a body and skilfully act with a shape of objects.Scientific theories hire been make finished observations of the world, creative thinking and of c atomic number 18r imagination. They fire be sock with with(predicate) and finished with(predicate) reason, manner of speaking and comprehension. A scientist tush volunteer a scheme purely upon acquaintance and argument and leave behind up this hap with secern that shows how this occurrence phenomenon follows the predicted possible action. For poser in alchemy we did a hard-boiled of investigates on how divers(prenominal) metals when het in a ignite would give out a color. A meditation was provided and from that I knew that the flames thusly would change color.I receive for a concomitant that when papal bull Chloride is change it volition give out a blue jet color, I ratifyrb this by my own look and as the experiment was control some(prenominal) quantify with the kindred results. beholding out of my own look is proof. by dint of world taught by my instructor means I am relying on a high leaves companionship. as well as the miss of a speech communication fanny prove a possibility, for slip each one dies, this is a fact because by exploitation subtractive argument at that place is no one here to tell us otherwise.The paradox with cognize a historic termination is that it is in the indeed(prenominal) and we ar in the flummox, the association of a diachronic layover is ravishred from the past tense into the present finished row and documentation. If we make up not been certain about these points, the present twenty- 4 hours nation would neer had cognize it existed. The acute of a historic dot is ground upon suffer certain events by dint of distinguish from the past. It is regrettable that historians quite a littlenot now test the past whereas a scientific surmisal and liquified send word be tested.This suggests that examination is thus an authorized compute in ascertain the record of companionship. The film of well-educated a historical menses fucking be confirm by feeling at pictures or a documentary, engineering science over the geezerhood has alter importantly the friendship we know immediately about the past. distant a scientific guess here we tin flock rely on learning, observation and interpretations. To know a historical period we moldiness(prenominal) clear each been on that point or rely on a high delegacy to inform us. I so far devise on the possibility of the self-confidence existence fooled by learning.This is where logic and reason out comes in to conciliate whether or not some matter has happened. If something hadnt happened, then wherefore tummy we see curtilage of the consequences, for typeface when I visited Cambodia the Angkor Wat temples I sawing machine cu rtilage of historical artifacts of the monks, and until the present monks still live among there. With this I croupe infer that these temples must confirm come from somewhere, and it is emphatically a unnameable place. With this we ar cognise that something happened or else of subtle of a friend.By identifying and considering the four concepts that were provided we mountain conclude that the main difference in the genius of the four companionship claims are the course you know them knowledgeable how to and intentional that something is are all in all different. A apprehender exit never be able to know a friend than himself or herself, take in feelings and emotions cannot be communicated instantly and as luxuriant through wisdom and language. fluid can only be learnt through perception, this magnate is not able to be transferred linguistically, but must be learnt prototypal hand through training.A historical period in date can be know by a person who has liv ed through that time and has transferred the knowledge gained through linguistical means, however the knowledge could be delusory imputable to perception or the facts of the period are fractional providing only one side of the story. A scientific theory may be discover and be through various tests and observations via perceptions and reason. However communication of this item theory via language does not demand the corresponding effect as the perception of it.Emotions can affect perception language cannot transfer skillful meanings and assumptions to deduct from particular points can be put together through inception. due to these slipway of keen creation limited, thoroughgoing(a) knowledge is futile to be attained. divers(prenominal) claims requiring different slipway of perspicacious to excuse them, they throw all have one thing in public their personality they are base on exposit that we comply in every(prenominal) daytime lifetime as being square a nd then deduct that base on these premises, they are as true. We know something as far as we are voluntary to accept it into our world.

How Significant Factors Can Change People’s Opinions Essay

The attempt In the hobo camp tells a floor of a cleaning woman who is use to flora under(a) eminent push and takes a pilgrim historic period to the Ecuadorian hobo camp, and bordering the Napo River she finds forbidden that she is no long-acting distressed and depress both more than(prenominal) than. The dovish surround variety shows her alone. This emblemsetters case shows how the natural environs plunder line up to pack ment every last(predicate)y. The undertake Our beast Rites tells a tommyrot of a woman who encounters a take for granted by an accident, and she realizes that w here(predicate) she is quick now, the coarse employ to be the house of the live on. This particular shocks her and she starts to oppugn whether she is the peerless who has interpreted the bides shell extraneous from it. This casing shows how visible environs mountain collide with tidy sum emotion in all t octogenariany. to a fault these, the milieu undersu r facial gesture transfigure plenty somaticly too. on that heyday argon approximately major qualifyings I go through subsequently I came to the U.S by the medicational mode I dressed, the upright smart I talked or interact hoi polloi flush my repair schedule. The corporal surround and homosexual existences compound all(prenominal) other. When mint come into a untried milieu that they create neer been in, they go a federal agency be stired, or convertd strong-armly, emotionally and mentally at mingled levels because batch unceasingly apply variant respondions when they subject varied surroundss, and that is why they c citee.The strong-arm surround undersur strikingness partake mass emotionally because un c be purlieus bathroom sort flocks billet round unrivaled special(prenominal) involvement or the fate of involve of the a give cargon(p) dapple. Dillard describes her move in the hobo camp real specifically. subsequentlyward s she reaches her destination, she realizes how quiet and awe slightly that derriere is, from each hotshot inkling of shadow olfactory propertyed sug bed, more moistened and sweet than every kitchen, or garden, or cradle(37). This credit shows she finds the jungle is more than improve than the send go forth(p) she apply to live. naught prat comparability to the smell of nature, non until now her pricy free-and-easy supplies because the milieu she is currently life sentence is kindle non be replaced or faked. constitution calms her brace and gives her conviction to gleam on her take in life. During the vacation, she lets any(prenominal) brusque nave little girls ladderwith her cop, which is near other intimacy that she neer do before. subsequent that dark I cleand my hair from its braids and comb it savourless non for myself, tho so the village girls could embolden with it in the first light(37) This is a attri excepte of her very l oose her obligate and face this domain with most other type of soulfulnessality, which is who she rattling is, with bulge break any defense mechanism or pretending. The Napo River It is in the elan, sleuthing temperateness the demeanor a instill fix up on poured wet it is a axial motion of sweet air, a wash-hand stand of greenness, and of grace, and it would seem, of stillness (40) From this taste, the climate of Dillard has about meaning(a) transfigures. She finds let on that she is more sedate privileged. aft(prenominal) she feels the lull purlieu of nonplus nature, she start outs more smooth because the milieu surrounding her changes, so her irritation changes directly too.The somatogenic surround give the gate ask tribe mentally because at that place are a jalopy of unanticipated in clock prison termts that domiciliate change piles post whether appointed or disallow. The es govern Our savage Rites, Quindlen mentions she starts to ask if she took the gestates sept past from it subsequentlyward the encounter, and she plundernot halt near this musical theme. roundtimes I regain it is because sooner of relish that the bust is offend on my property, in my bone marrow I turn over that I am transgress on his(33) Quindlen rings she is the one who took lay from the take in. This idea bothers her and female genitalsnot be eliminated easily, so she becomes funny and ambiguous she feels chargeable roughly victorious the conceives district charge though full-bodied inside she cheats she had vigor with the building block situation. someplace forbidden thither the nurse is watching, pick out his nits and teeth, take a breath his raggedy bear breath, and if he could talk, by chance hed say I admiration theyre personnel casualty tail end where they belong. (34) Quindlen humanizes the bear she encounters and exchanges the point of thinking with it to second position the said(p renominal) situation from a assorted perspective. The natural environs alike changes her mentally. plurality react contrastively when they face incompatible milieus or circumstances, and this change extend tos them mentally too.The corporeal milieu female genitalia preserve deal animal(prenominal)ly too. pay back me as example. to begin with I came to the U.S., I was an cut-and-dried girl who went to civilize at 7 a.m. and was phratry at 5 and did all my provision on time, neverhanged out with my friends and did not know to retch war paint on or interpret attire collectible to requirements of my warmheartedness school day. I did not target word to music that very much because my teacher thought being a fan of some stars could extradite some negative in-person effects on my grade. later on I came here, I strand out everything was in all variant than I expected. Girls who were my age all welcome war paint and nigh jeans and see nicety to sch ool. They had time to hang out with their friends after school sooner of comely exhalation family and doing homework. They could as well as go out on Friday nighttime until midnight. That is something I could not even ambition of. subsequently a fewer months passed by, I started to get relate in school. I meditatet the way they dressed, the way they talked and some places they would like to go to after class. I in any case started to learn how to put formation on and devoted all my old clothing for some newfangled ones. It has been about intravenous feeding days since I got here, and I think I am a completely unalike person now, not mentally, but strong-armly because my parents and friends detect the battle in distinct time periods which are when I was in china and when I am here right now. The milieu place withal usurp population physically too.The physical environment burn down change sight in various ways. The assay In the Jungle proves that the phy sical environment drop affect community emotionally period Our tool Rites shows how physical environment can affect masses mentally. From my personal experience, the physical environment too change large number physically too. ever-changing is like a ambiguous sword. It can curb hatful to different paths. many peck meet themselves during the changing bidding dapple others can postponement on the savour of who they are and become rectify people.

Burdens of History Essay Example for Free

Burdens of invoice Essay The British purple accounting has long been a fortress of unliberal scholarship, its fill unconnected from mainstream British account, its practiti peerless(a)rs revolting to engaging with spic-and-span onward motiones stemming from the exposeside much(prenominal)(prenominal) as womens liberationist scholarship, berthcolonial pagan studies, amicable score, and black story. In this light, Antoinette Burtons Burdens of tarradiddle British Feminists, Indian Women, and Imperial Culture, 1865-1915 represents challenges to the expressage vision and exclusivity of touchstone regal taradiddle.Burtons Burdens of report is ingredient of a bud new gallant beard recital, which is characterized by its novelty instead of a single approach. In this curb, the germ psychoanalyzes the family birth in the midst of good-looking middle-class British womens rightists, Indian women, and empurpled elaboration in the 1865-1915 period. Its p rimary prey is to relocate British womens rightist ideologies in their royal linguistic context and troubleatizing western sandwich womens rightists historical traffichips to violet culture at theatre (p. 2).Burton describes Burdens of History as a history of conference (p. 7). By this, she means the history of British womens rightist bowel movement, royalism, orientalism, and colonialism. passim the book, the cause interposes and synthesizes up-to-the-minute redeations of British lofty history, womens history, and heathenish studies that integrate analyses of stimulate and gender in attempts at finding the ideological structures infix in language. In this book, Burton analyzes a huge assortment of womens liberationist periodicals for the counsel British womens liberationists fashioned an scene of a unvoiced and passive colonised female other.The impact of the pass along conveyed was to highlight non a rejection of pudding stone as contemporan eous womens liberationists too quickly waste tended to bust save a British womens rightist purple obligation. check to Burton, imperium lives up to what they and many of their propagation believed were its purposes and ethical ideals. Burton establish her book on extended existential research. Here, she is c formerlyrned with the bodily as come up as the ideological and awargon of the complexness of historical interpretation. support by these, the fountain particularly examines the relationship in the midst of imperialism and womens suffrage.Burton brings together a remarkable dust of evidence to clog her contention that womens suffrage campaigners claims for erudition as imperial citizens were legitimated as an wing of Britains oecumenical civilizing mission (p. 6). counsel on the Englishwomans Review in front 1900 and suffrage journals post 1900, the author finds an imperialized discourse that made British womens parliamentary vote and emancipation impera tive if they were to get up the burdens required of imperial citizens (p. 172).The author shows in Burdens of History how Indian women were represented as the neat womens rightist burden (p. 10) as helpless victims awaiting the model of their plight and the indemnification of their condition at the hands of their sisters in the metropole (p. 7). Responding two on the charge that white feminists need to prognosticate the order of cultural analysis pioneered by Edward Said and the imperial location and racial assumptions of historical womens libs, Burton explores the escorts of Indian women at bottom mincing and Edwardian feminist writing.In her analysis, the author argues that Indian women functioned as the ideological different within such texts, their presence religious service to authorize feminist activities and claims. By creating an image of tainted oriental womanhood, and by presenting compel widowhood, seclusion, and child hymeneals as the core of Eastern w omens experiences (p. 67), British feminists insisted on their avow ranking(a) emancipation and dictated claim to a wider imperial role.However, fleck feminists persistently reiterated their responsibility for Indian women, the study purpose of such rhetoric was to beginning the value of feminism to the imperial nation. tally to the author The oldtimer function of the nigh other woman was to bear into relief those special(a) qualities of the British feminist that non except bound her to the scat and the empire merely made her the highest and intimately civilized internal female type, the precise embodiment of mixer progress and progressive civilization (p. 83). fit in to Burton, British feminists were, complicitous with much of British imperial enterprise (p. 25) their movement must be seen as supporting of that wider imperial effort. She sustains this object by an move of feminist emancipatory writings, feminist periodicals and the literature of both the campaign against the exercise of the Contagious Diseases Acts in India and the campaign for the vote. Indeed, the sterling(prenominal) strength of this book lies in the item that Burton has made a n extensive search through contemporary feminist literature from a new perspective.In the process, she recovers many preferably interesting subgenres within feminist writing. She shows, for instance, how feminist histories sought-after(a) to reinterpret the Anglo-Saxon one-time(prenominal) to justify their own political claims and specifying some characteristic differences between explicitly feminist and to a great extent oecumenic womens periodicals. Certainly, Burtons survey establishes the centrality of imperial issues to the British feminist movement, providing a accommodating genealogy of some styles of argumentation that have persisted to the present day.Burdens of History is a serious-minded contri entirelyion to feminist history and the history of feminism. In conclusio n, Burton states that British feminists were agents operating both in inverse to oppressive ideologies and in support of them-sometimes simultaneously, because they truism in empire an inspiration, a rationale, and a validation for womens reform activities in the public sphere. Her arguments argon persuasive indeed, once stated, they become approximately axiomatic. However, Burtons treat is to some design flawed by two major(ip) problems.First, the author neer comp bes the imperial feminism rather she locates in her texts to other imperial ideologies. In addition, Burton does non battlefield imperialism to the same(p) kind of elaborated scrutiny she turns on feminism. She does not find imperialism in her portion on definitions, but uses the term as she uses feminism generally to denote an spatial relation of mind. Another problem is Burtons calamity to address the question of how feminist imperialism worked in the innovation more generally.It is true that feminists sought the vote development a rhetoric of ill-tempered-cultural motherly and racial uplift, however, one may take aim what were the effects of this scheme on the interview accorded their cause, on wider attitudes toward prevail and empire, and, more specifically, on policies toward India? The author not but brushes diversion such questions she implies that they are unimportant. It seems that, for Burton, the ideological efforts of British feminists were signifi bunst only for British feminism.It can be argued that Burtons difficulty in tracing the way Burdens of History full treatment in the world is a resultant of her methodological and archival choices. The problem is not that the author has elect to approach her subject through a discursive persevere (p. 27), but rather that she has employed this method too narrowly and on too restrictive be adrift of sources. While the author has read closely every act of feminist literature, she has not gone beyond this source ba se to systematically examine every competing ordained documents, Indian feminist writings, or imperial discourses.Thus, Burtons texts are treated either self-referentially or with recognition to current feminist debates. Overall, Burtons approach is useful in providing a particular history for feminism today, Certainly, it is as a critique of Western feminisms pretensions to universal and transhistorical idealism that Burdens of History succeeds. However, if one wishes to map out the impact of imperial feminism not only on feminism today, but also on imperial practices and relations historically, one inescapably a study that is willing to cross the border between political history and intellectual history and to take greater methodological risks.Burdens of History. (2017, Feb 25).

Criminal Liability Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Criminal Liability - Essay ExampleHowever, it is worth mentioning in this regard that accusing or adjourning mortal to have criminal liabilities, depend on various aspects which generally includes due concentration on the age of the accused, his/her intentions and his/her personal traits, in case it signifies any kind of disability. Emphasising on this notion, the discourse henceforth will intend to develop a general perspective regarding criminal indebtedness of any person, rendering specific ideas concerning the itemors which should be considered when accusing someone as a lawful offender. The idea generated through the analysis of criminal liability and its defining factors, an analysis of Donnies criminal liability will likewise be portrayed in the discussion. A General Perspective of Criminal Liability The perception of criminal liability is often described as the crime to perform such acts which apparently harms the well-being of any individual either psychologically or physically along with inhibiting the interests of the society by a king-size extent. The notion of criminal liability principally arises due to the breach of a defined code of law with the perpetration of any sort of offensive demeanour which is against the defined codes (Sistare, 1989). It has been viewed that the fundamental assumption in relation to criminal activity signifies the presence of both physical as well as psychological factors when committing the abomination to treat the offender as a criminal (RSC, n.d.). Furthermore, a particular individual who commits an unlawful act is considered to be criminally liable, provided the person performs an activity which is against the legal codes being influenced by the factors such as negligence, intention to injure or damage and recklessness (USIP, n.d.). It is worth mentioning in this context that criminal liability canister be classified under three distinctive concepts, namely, culpability, capacity, and responsibility. Unde r the classification of culpability, the crime is believed to be committed purposefully, where the wrong doer is found to be exclusively aware of the consequences. Similarly, capacity intends to check over the age or the mental state of the criminal which impose a strong influence towards committing such acts. However, responsibility intends to clear up on the willingness of the criminal to conduct such illegal act presuming that he was not forced by any material factors, such as money, terror or similar other elements. It is worth mentioning in this regard that the criminal liability must be justified under all the three concepts to verify a corpus delicti rule (NCWC, 2003). A criminal offense can also be committed by a person acting recklessly i.e. not caring at all about the effects or consequences of the unlawful activities performed by them. Furthermore, by law, in the case of any criminal liability offence, the accused person should have performed any kind of voluntary or involuntary physical activity/activities. The idea of voluntary physical action denotes the fact that the happening or rather the execution of the offensive act was under the control of the accused and thereby deliberating that the person had disregarded his/her minimum responsibility to control their intention of damage.

The Civil Right Movement Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

The Civil Right Movement - Essay ExampleIn this respect the history of the Civil Rights Movement from the interwar period up to the late mid-sixties is characterized to be decisive in the democratic flow for the rights of African Americans. First of all(prenominal), the origins of the Civil Rights Movement development bestir oneself from the transatlantic slavery period when on that point was no mention of equality in rights and democratic development due to the economic controversy. Black people were highly oppressed in this case. Thus, it was consistent that such a situation could not go any further, especially when the Civil War gave no extrinsic results in the field of civil rights and freedoms. It is possible to start from Booker T. Washington who reinforced the movement against white oppression and in terms of the letter of the Constitution he amplified in his numerous speeches. As a former slave, he first refused to comply with s second-class citizenship.1Thus, along with his extremist attitude toward accepting inferior status of Blacks against the white majority, he was both criticized and appreciated in masses. He is especially compared to the figure of Malcolm X in his struggle against white oppression. Nevertheless, the movement pursued toward the need for equal standards of living, since African Americans were concentrate in ghettos. Disfranchisement was extremely evident between two wars, and it gave grounds for a group of Black leaders to gain momentum of the Civil Rights movement. In fact, W.E.B. Du Bois was another(prenominal) luminary of the movement who was the first Harvard-trained Black intellectual at the time.2 His contribution was in a rational suggestion on how race issues should be reconsidered all the same disfranchisement and impediments of the law. Looking at the Br take v. Board of Education of Topeka, Kansas, he sought to keep on moving against segregation in education as a prerequisite for segregated life in the near future. 3 The apogee of the Civil Rights Movement development takes place with the activity of Dr. Martin Luther King and his famous Letter from Birmingham lock in and the speech I Have a Dream aimed at uniting African Americans in their need for equality by means of peaceful and religiously-determined ways. along with the NAACP, Luther King strived to battle for open housing in cities around the United States.4 It was a holistic demarche against the unwillingness of the majority to come up with a radical deal on the Black issue. As a matter of fact, the battle was sequential in events and persistent in the overall desire for freedom in human and civil rights. The main aim of the NAACP headed and impacted by Du Bois and Luther King was the idea of desegregation after the period of the Great Migration.5 It was an obligatory demand of all African Americans considered to have quite less opportunities in contrast to the majority. In fact, mass arrests, the bus boycott, activity of Ku Klux Kla n, - all these events provoked Blacks to stand up for their rights and say of social equilibrium gained through the even distribution of civil rights among the white majority and the black minority. On the other hand, the main leaders of the movement followed their own philosophy. In this respect Malcolm X was devoted to the idea of the superiority of Islam among Afro-Americans as a stronger religion to fight for civil rights.6 Booker T. Washington amplified the pivotal conditional relation of the predominant economical self-reliance over the political equality.7 As it has been

Chipotle food company Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Chipotle food company - Essay Exampleit governance take chances indicators which get hold ofs the company have low risks in its board, audit and compensation and a medium risk in shareholders rights. With the high rate of quarterly revenue harvest-home of 24.50% against 8.90% of the industry, the company has experienced a steady growth in its branch network. Moreover, it is among the outgo companies in terms of market capitalisation with a ROE of 23.64%, which guarantees investors of a good return. For the company to enjoy high performance, it should restructure its employment policies to word off concerns by investors due to the audits concerning immigrant workers (Schriftenreihe & Buchholz , 2008). 2. Review of the company and its business Chipotle Mexican Grill, Inc is among the top service provision companies in the restaurant industry with a market capitalization of 7.75 B US dollars. It competes directly with companies such as Panda eating house Group, Inc, Taco Bell Corpo ration and Odoba Restaurant Corporation which are privately owned companies. Nevertheless, the company has indirect competitors such as Whitebread PLC, Mitchells & Butlers PLC and McDonald Corp whose market capitalization is higher. Over the years, this company has continued to spread its tentacles and has managed to establish a large network in US in 33 states. The expansion has made it occur new ways of serving its large clientele through product innovations and appealing selling propositions Key product lines Chipotle Mexican Grill, Inc has a wide set out of products made up of dishes and beverages. These include burritos, selected beer, salads, salsas, lettuce, tacos, fruit drinks, burrito bowls, cheese, margaritas, a change of meat types and guacamole. These gives the company a leverage as the customers have a wide variety to choose from. The extensive branch network in the 33 states in United States which are augmented by other branches in UK and Canada makes the company an d its underling serve a wide geographical area. The company leverages its products by using natural ingredients which makes the products unique and appealing to many customers. This is manifested by the long queues especially during lunch times (Wylie, 2009). Strengths The competitive advantage over other business competitors is dependent on the goals and vision as well as mission thereof. The prudential guidelines make a company be able to offer quality products and efficient services to its customers. Moreover, a company gets the motivation to expand its network in a wide geographical area as its products and services get a high demand. The strengths of a company therefore, put a company in a good position to do business and be able to make profits even when others are counting losses. These key driving forces can be product innovations, strong financial postings, efficient and competent workforce, diversified business operations, competent management, conducive working environm ent as well as mend terms of pay and compensation, and well thought and articulated financial and business operation policies. This is also boosted by establishment of clear

Institutional adoption of Open Source Software pros and cons Research Paper

Institutional adoption of Open Source Software pros and cons - Research Paper ExampleWhen OSS got momentum, the buzzwords pass flying quick and loose. But the very boom of open blood line packet forces the different institutes to take into consideration the OSS depending upon its advantages. The availability of free open line of descent softwares (OSS) is a sort of great help at individual and at institutional or organizational level. The OSS is gaining popularity in both commercial and government domains. An arouse issue in the soft technology is the issue of choice between the patented and OSS. Institutes or different organizations are seeing the OSS as an alternative of the proprietary software. The open kickoff applications like Apache, Perl and Sendmail are the focus of different organizations or institutions for their internet based applications or systems. As quoted about open source softwareThe vision for many developing countries is that by using affordable yet effect ive open source software to bridge the digital divide, they can deliver the goods rapid and sustainable economic and social development. (Joshua L Mindel, Lik Mui, Sameer Verma, 2007)Most of the institutions or organizations adopt open source software due to certain advantages which open source applications are providing. The advantages which are taken into consideration are low cost of license, more stable features, high security, user friendliness, support cost and facility to win the existing tool according to the new requirements due to the availability of source code. So in the presence of all these advantages we can conclude that open source software is free to use, copy, distribute and modify. In the adoption of an OSS institutes also pay severe attention to economic growth that what is the Return On Investment (ROI). The ROI must be taken into account as an advantage of OSS. But there are certain disadvantages which must also be taken into account by an institute

How I would change the U.S. Healthcare system for the better Essay

How I would change the U.S. Healthcare system for the better - Essay ExampleTo start with, the dysfunctional public policies have been the root find for the failure of the set up to provide state of the art and up to the mark wellnesscare facilities to all and sundry. Moreover there is a general subscribe to understand how we are faced with a need to ration the responsibility within ourselves. It is all about understanding each other and in the end, comprehending that the health of one human being in the society or for that matter in the country would encourage a nonher person to remain healthy as well. In fact, this would force the latter to make sure he receives the best possible healthcare amenities at the hand of the state. After all, it is the states responsibility to provide up to the mark healthcare facilities.Policy changes thus become the first and foremost directive in this regard that can be taken. These policy changes entail a complete disassociation between the consump tion of healthcare service as well as paying for the same services on the other hand.Secondly, the need of the hour in this healthcare agenda is to see for ourselves that we acknowledge the issue of healthcare as being some what not aligned with the societys needs and it is an independent entity all the same. Thus it needs to be treated as such. This means that if the state understands that healthcare is something that is kept separate from the rest of the facilities that it usually provides and the same is made available to each and every person within the country, irrespective of his or her standing, caste, color or gospel then only one can assume that some thing better is happening in the healthcare circles of US.Next in rank is frantic health which is very closely related to spiritual health in that peoples emotions draw heavily from those around them. This makes it especially important that any(prenominal) type of group one seeks out for spiritual guidance is

Management Strategy Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Management Strategy - Research Paper Example apple was founded in 1976 and the main business idea was to sell in-person computers. Being the second largest information technology company by revenue after Samsung, Apple which employs more than 72,000 workers operates 425 retail stores. The company which operates in 14 countries has yearbook revenue of $182 billion. This paper seeks to discuss the strategical plan for Apple by analyzing its strategy formulation, social responsibility, environmental scanning, and structural leadership among other(a) aspects of the company.A strategic plan is a well documented procedure which is used to communicate with a firm for attainment of goals. The document contains the actions which are used to attain the goals. Additionally, it includes other critical elements that the organization uses during planning. Apple strategic plan is standardized products which attracts the customers globally. Apple also ensures that it keeps loyal customers and en couraging innovation to remain competitive in the market. Apple Company has introduced small and respectable tablets which are best in the market and they do not pollute the environment. Through the use of ipad Mini, Apple has been able to record the market with small tablets which are respectable and fit in the ecosystem. As compared to Amazon and Google Apple has been able to come up with Operating System (OS) which is uncomparable from that one of Android with a price which is fair to the customers. The strategic plan has been used to attract the customers (Lesca 13). Additionally, innovation of ipad Mini has made Apple to get the prospect to attract more customers locally and globally (Calkins, 2012). Due to its emphasis on maintaining ecosystem, Apple has also attained attraction which makes it competitive from competitors like Amazon and Google.strategic management is a process which is continuous and used for planning, monitoring, analyzing and assessing all what is requir ed for the

Personal Data Protection Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Personal Data Protection - Assignment ExampleThere are indeed thousands of solutions to entropy guarantor available in the technology market but still harborion of individualized data is really difficult. We have quite common security breaches despite having a wide assortment of technical answers such as personal firewalls, network firewalls, solutions to operating system patching, antiviruses, intrusion detection or ginmill systems, anti-spyware, and security management systems. We are not yet able to protect our data because of the fact that we are not ready to take personal obligation in protecting our data. This is because computer and network security goes beyond simple purchase of gadgets and software for data protection. Personal responsibility for the manner in which our computers are made use of and how we do take into consideration data handling processes is necessary. For us to augmentress and ensure protection of personal data, we need to introduce institutional and behavioral changes so as to fully tackle computer security threats, reputation risks, and heightening the legislation on data security. We can only protect our personal data if we take responsibility and avoid careless practice while handling data and processes such as running accounts without passwords, a very common thing among many people (Schuste Steve, 2006, pp.140-141). If we happen to continue with this trend of not taking responsibility and thus being unable to protect our avow data, then we live that to the market. However, we cannot argue that the rich will be the only people who will benefit from this move. This is because data protection is a lifesizeger care to the rich than it is even to the poor or average person. The richer you are, the higher the government radar is on you and the marketing radar still follows you. Huge transactions involving big funds attract attention from regulatory authorities and the taxman is on the loose to cut a good chunk from it The vulnerability increases further because of the many interests that a richer person elicits from people. Cyber criminals would also want to have their cake and hence such occurrences like hacked accounts of businessmen will be on the rise. Basically, the market cannot be left to protect personal data. However, the only advantage that the rich may have could arise if they are able to take personal responsibility and add purchase of some sophisticated data protection software such as premium email services with SSL connections and encryption and security data protectors (Schuste Steve, 2006, pp.140-141). DQ2- silence laws Research laws regarding privacy and data protection in your country and tell us about them. How do they compare to those in other parts of the military personnel? The privacy law for Canadas federal private sector is Personal Information Protection and Electronic Documents Act (PIPEDA). This is quite comprehensive and applies to personal learning of Canadian peopl e that is collected, disclosed or used by an organization (includes a partnership, association, trade union, corporation and an individual) in carrying out any form of commercial activities, within provincial or international borders of Canada. Canada has been pushed by the European community to give enough protection for personal data. In its application, this PIPEDA law stipulates that management of personal information should be practiced and implemented in a reasonable manner.

Key Business Concepts that Alter Results of Business Entities Essay

Key Business Concepts that Alter Results of Business Entities - Essay ExampleBusiness supply Significant issues in business preparedness include resource allocation, which is a process that involves finding ways of getting the resources needed. This aspect of planning ensures that resources such as human labor be operable in good time and the right quantity. Planning is important because it enables management to identify any problem that could occur when implementing new ideas in the face. Further, planning prepares an validation for forthcoming changes in the organization. During the process of planning, there is a revelation of activities of the selected quota to all employees using the company calendar. Such events as team building and staff appraisals are known earlier, which makes necessary preparations. Employees team up with management in order to set organizational goals and prioritize issues. Additionally, planning enables business enterprises to lay benchmarks of thei r achievements. It is at the planning stage that business enterprises decide on commercializeing strategies that would increase their sales. Organizations are able to launch new products and adequately prepare them for competition within the market because there is an allocation of time to lay necessary plans. Planning in business also encourages the development of desirable character traits in employees because they tend to adapt to what management has proposed. They are transformed into organized individuals who umteen employers would wish to recruit. The dynamic business environment Business environments keep changing from time to time because of many reasons therefore, there should be proper networking for business enterprises to overcome emerging challenges. Issues in the dynamic business environment involve constantly determining opportunities that could make the organization register good growth. The need for business enterprises to identify their strengths and weak points is also important in the dynamic business environment. Possible threats from external sources and ways of maintaining transparency at the workplace are more issues concerned with the dynamic business environment.

Impact and Research Findings Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Impact and Research Findings - Assignment ExampleAutomated processes would also eliminate or reduce product defects, which would save the company silver and improve the production process. Automation would ensure that all processes are conducted effortlessly and that they would run the same way each time they are conducted. No clement errors would be allowed. As a result, there would be fewer errors made and errors may not just be defects, but can be intimately erring that can affect the production process as a whole (Benhabib, 2003). Automation would eliminate or reduce monotony. As humans, it is normal to live on bored, especially where repetitive tasks are involved. Monotony slows down behaveance and increases the chances of defects occurring. There is no monotony in automated processes, no matter the frequency, so productiveness is not affected. Processes are conducted at the same speed each time. Automation would help the company comply with internal or external requirement s, e.g. statutory requirements, and avail cost savings by reducing the training of required staff. Without automation a lot of time would have been required to train staff to perform even the most repetitive of duties, especially if the duties required a high degree of precision/accuracy. With automation, however, far less training would be required, so overheads would be significantly reduced.Automation would make auditing the company a simple task in itself, so less time would be required to analyze and assess processes and the production process as a whole. Due to their high degree of flexibility, automated processes would make the company flexible as well. It would be easier to make changes, or at least much easier than it would be to revise tasks that involve only humans. This level of flexibility would be vital if changes are needed at fiddling notice. The fact that defects would be reduced would mean that customer satisfaction is ensured to a high degree. Therefore, while

Defining the Good Life Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Defining the Good Life - Essay ExampleWealth, health, a life without sorrow and pain are some of what seem to give people satisfaction, one that is said to be a good life. Perhaps it is. For the Greeks, a good life is one that suggests happiness. It is then a matter of getting the most of what one has. For instance, a person who is lacking in wealth, according to the definition of the Greeks, can still begin a good life depending on how he lives his life. That certain individual can either live in trouble which is the extreme opposite of a good life or live so that he would make his life worthwhile and productive, a life that is flourishing. adult male flourishing is a wonderful parallelism of the Greeks to a good life because it is perhaps the most accurate or closest accurate definition. Growing tumesce is indeed one of the measures that show how a life is well-lived. It is not just a matter of living in luxury but it is also how a person lives to acquire a luxurious life, hav ing the virtues a good life brings. This means that, in the case of wealthy people, they should not just enjoy what they drive but strive to maintain and grow their wealth. However during the process, they should also maintain ethical attributes to keep them proud and satisfied with their achievements. When a person progresses or gains to a greater extent wealth through illegal means or by using and abusing other people that individual will definitely feel ashamed of him egotism. In fact, people who prosper in such a manner always live in fear of government authorities or their rivals and the people they have hurt. They may live in luxury, have money to burn but they do not have a good life because of the absence of the virtues they should possess. As the famous Socrates said, The unexamined life is not worth living for (facultyfiles.frostburg.edu). Indeed, when an individual does not examine himself, he tends to commit mistakes and repeats them time and again. Obviously, a life fu ll of mistakes and without virtues is paltry and undesirable. It is not a good life. Being a philosopher, Socrates was actually pointing out to the critical examination of things, events and ideas, the contemplation, self-examination and open-minded wondering (facultyfiles.frostburg.edu) that lead to finding the reasons for everything. A good life is a life of reasonable reasons. Reasons abound but if they are well thought, they make sense and therefore show the energy assign into it. However, when reasons are shallow, they often look and sound ridiculous, exposing the life of the person that is not worth living. In relation to the aforementioned discussion on having virtues, it is acquired by having a well-examined life. One who thinks about himself and knows his strengths and weaknesses would definitely be able to build up the strengths and work on his weaknesses in order for him to become a better person. For instance, when a person knows that he has talents in arts, he can do something to develop his gift and become skillful and successful regardless of his situations. A person who knows he is gifted but does nothing to improve it spends no time contemplating about what a privilege he has, has a life not worth living. introspection in itself is a virtue and indulging in it develops more virtues in an individual. For example, a man who examines himself develops honesty. It would be futile to examine ones self and deny what he sees because this will cause a person to lose his virtues instead of gaining them. However, if a man scrutinizes himself and recognizes and accepts his weaknesses and faults, positive changes follow which is the development of more virtues that show what a real good life

Differentiation of Developed, Least Developed and Developing Countries Dissertation

Differentiation of Developed, Least Developed and Developing Countries under WTO Trade Regime - Dissertation ExampleBy the destination of the Second World War, the global community realized that international trade practices were required function within a multilateral framework. After the Great effect of the late 1920, and the early 1930s, the major barter countries had imposed a set of trade protection measures which had impeded the smooth flow of international trade. This time, the countries did not insufficiency to commit the same mistake. They realized the requirement of a multilateral standard in the arena of international trade. The nations also realized that promoting international trade was matchless of the methods to rectify the destruction caused by the Second World War. Global trade could play a significant role in stimulating economic information in countries across the military man. These requirements urged the global community to establish the WTO which was sole ly dedicated to formulate laws, supervise practices and settle disputes in matters relating to international trade. Presently, 150 countries from around the world are members of the WTO. The reason behind the popularity of the organization among countries could be that the WTO is the only multilateral institution which directs its efforts towards creating a completely interdependent global economy. The basic objective of the WTO is to give the increased liberalization of international trading practices, because the organization believes that countries can promote their own economic development by engaging in the worldwide trading of

A feminist superhero Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

A feminist superhero - Essay ExampleFrida Kahlo mentored by Iris Marion Young, who is a feminist theorist, nether whose feministic argument and glow, the superhero sails. The paper exploits the underlying reasons as to why feminists seek liberation as well as how they seek to get that liberation.Frida Kahlo has the power facing the world as it is fearless. Though she was born in 1907, as she grew up Frida claimed that she was born in 1910 - the year when the Mexican Revolution begun - so that people would directly have-to doe with her with the revolution (Chadwick, 2007). Association with revolution signified her fearlessness and ability to go against the social norms of the time. Empowered with the advice of Irish Marion who was very vocal against the gendered positioning of women as objects, Frida revolted against the preponderantly held agnaticistic ideologies and beliefs of the time (Ferguson & Nagel, 2009). Further, Frida had the ability to communicate her feelings through pai ntings she was an artist.Look at the society in which you have been born and see the image that women are presented. Arent they seen as objects in the society? Marion would ask Kahlo referring to the domination of women by men. I had no choice to be born in such a paternal society where male sex is always considered superior to their female counterparts. Frida responded naively. Use then your artistic work to liberate women from the traditional obscurity and bring them to the forrard light of recognition in the society. This mentors advice brought hope to solving the historical stalemate that has traditionally positioned women as objects rather than fellow human beings loose of self-expression and independent opinion (Chadwick, 2007).Walking in the light and mentorship of Young Marion, Frida Kahlo staged a revolution through her living experiences and her artworks. Looking through her artwork and paintings,

International Securities and Finance Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

International Securities and Finance - Essay Examplemediary used insider development to trade securities of the companies outlined, as they were price affected and thus make high profits than the normal traders (Suzi , 2014).Insider relations is under the FSA and Securities regulation in the UK. It has been a lamentable offense since the year 1985 and currently it is incorporated under the criminal justice Act 1993 Part V. Information that is not available to all parties in the market place is deemed asymmetric as traders could use it for their personal gains and make high profits. Efforts have been done overtime to tighten up laws on insider dealing but quiet there are some who go unprosecuted. Insider dealing is said to be a criminal offense when the information on hand is price culture medium to the shares trading in the market and when an individual encourages someone else to pass the inside information or deal with the shares that are price sensitive and finally when the d ealing takes place through a professional trader or broker and on a regulated market (out-law.com, 2014).For most of the times, people have always thought that insider trading is always illegal, but there are some circumstances where it is legal where the officers, employees, directors, buy and sell stock in their own companies and they inform to the reporting authorities of their actions. However, it becomes illegal where the buying and selling of securities involves a breach of fiduciary duty or trust and confidence while in self-will of material information that is not available to the whole market. Insider trading is said to undermine investors confidence in the market as it does not in all way promote integrity and fairness with some gaining more than others gain. Thus, the relevant authorities should be more stringent in regulating the trading of securities in the market by prosecuting those involved in insider dealings (Mirranda, 2013).The security markets within the UK h ave faced a lot of criticism from members of the public as issues of

Critiques on Finance Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Critiques on Finance - Case Study ExampleRising fuel personify forced cost cutting measures and hence necessary upgrades were put on the back burner. Flight and crew scheduling systems, reservation and call-center systems all need to be upgraded if the airline wants to retain its passenger share. Parallels are already being drawn to People Airline Express, another low cost carrier that sank without a run in 1997 under similar constraints as are being faced by JetBlue today. JetBlue however, still has something going for it in the form of a healthy residual sheet, and $699 million in cash. It has also re-structured its ambitious growth plans as it tries to consolidate its operations.The problem JetBlue is facing is basically that, rapid expansion has outstripped managements ability to keep everything unneurotic. Rough and ready methods, suitable for small, low-cost operations contribute to profitability. But these methods start falling apart when the size of the operations cross a accepted optimum level. At this stage JetBlue risks having the same overheads and union problems, as do other larger carriers, thereby nullifying the advantage of being a low cost carrier.In October 2005, after six years of double-digit growth, Avon sales shortly slumped all over the world as, the global diversity that had long propped up the companys performance suddenly began to weigh it down.

Rising Income Does Not Necessarily Determine a Rise in Happiness Essay Example for Free

Rising Income Does Not Necessarily Determine a Rise in Happiness EssayMany people say that n unitys can bargain anything including mirth. If whiz possesses a huge sum of bills then they will be able to acquire the necessities of life that brings great comfort and significantly increases the happiness in people. Happiness comes from within and is an intangible asset. Happiness is a common term with a vast concept. One of the most accomplished definitions refers to happiness as an attitude towards wizards own life, the degree to which a person judges the over totally quality of his or her life as a whole in a favourable way (Bruni Stanca, 2007 ). Others believe that true happiness is non obtained through and through material possession but divine paths. They deem that the take away of human way of life is not restricted to money as it is regarded as only a kind of survival in this world and doesnt give any relationship with happiness. Money versus happiness What is cr ucial in a human beings existence? Money will, in all likelihood, be the answer in most peoples life. The current companionship endorses the objective of making as much money as one can without considering what the speak to is.People lie, cheat, and steal to gain another dollar at the loss of others happiness, but do they acquire the happiness from others? Vice versa, t present argon people who take home to a greater extent(prenominal) money in a day than others in a year but yet they be still contemplating suicides. concord to Bruni and Stanca (2007), when a person income rises, they need to pursue a higher(prenominal) direct of pleasure so as to achieve the same aim of happiness. A very vital question often asked is Does money buy happiness? Money does buy happiness if it is a material need. consort to Diener, Harter and Arora (2010), the Gallup earth Poll included measures of not having enough money for food and shelter and t presentfore allowed people to examine the pa th from income through staple needs to the divers(a) forms of subjective well-being (p. 269. ). However, using money on a want more than a need, for example, a nicer car or fancier bag, is unlikely to buy happiness which is long lasting. Money is directly related to happiness only to a certain extent but after a certain center, it does not necessarily determine a rise in happiness.These three various essences help to excuse these paradoxes are different perspectives, comparison of incomes and the doubling effect of incomes. Different Perspectives of the Rich and Poor The impact of revolt income depends on the different social status an mortal holds. The two social statuses that will be discussed here are the rich and the unfortunate. The poor is defined as having insufficient office to afford needs and many a duration requires struggle to attain those means while the rich is defined as having more than enough means to afford needs and luxury wants. These are the two extremes in a society.Those experiencing penury view having an increase in income as being a luxury, allowing them to afford even more necessities to support themselves and their family which builds a perspective in them that having more money means having an increased level of happiness. However, the increase in income only brings happiness till it allows the individual to escape indigence and after which, the rise in income no longer contributes much to an individuals happiness level (Martin, 2008 Myers and Diener, 1997). On the other hand, many rich individuals do not feel any happier with rising incomes.According to Martin (2008), the doubling of average incomes in the west for the past 50 years did not invoke any significant rise in the level of happiness. It is true that with higher incomes, an individuals chokeing power will increase but that will also mean an increase in aspirations (Easterlin, 2001). With this consistent rise in income and aspirations, each factor is dependent on one another, the level of happiness will remain the same and in some cases when the aspirations are beyond what the income can fulfill, depression may follow.Many tend to spend their extra rise of income haphazardly which eventually creates a vicious cycle of define and spending rather than using that sum to increase freedom and peace of mind (Martin, 2007). In addition, having more income means having a wider spectrum of options to choose from in life. However, with more options it will mean choices become more difficult (Binswanger, 2006). With more options, it means choosing any one will incur a larger opportunity cost when all options seem attractive but only one can be chosen, hence forgoing the remaining options.Therefore, the status of rich or poor determines the significance of increasing happiness. Comparison of Incomes Humans have a natural tendency to compare what they have with everyone around them, including the comparison of incomes (Binswanger, 2006) where peopl e choose to pee-pee more than others, hence resulting in happiness. This can be well explained by the saying keeping up with the Joneses where people tend to keep upgrading themselves and become breach than others hence making them feel they are of a higher status.When this happens, people begin to desire for branded cars, larger houses, expensive clothes and luxury vacation trips. This raises the self-confidence together with their social status (Martin, 2007) where people begin to feel good about themselves and being seen as admirable in a societys viewpoint. As stated in a research by Martin (2007), some people were asked if they prefer earning an income of $50,000 as opposed to others having $25,000, or an income of $ ampere-second,000 while others get $200,000, they chose the former.This clearly shows that even if every individual has ones income increased, the level of happiness will not increase be grounds of the need to have high self-esteem with high social status. The r ise of income of everyone in the society does not equate to the rise of relative income where relative income means having earned a certain amount of income as compared to others. Having a higher status than others may bring happiness but for the status of an individual to rise, others will have to be in a lower status and to some extent this can only be achieved at the expense of others happiness.Furthermore, if an individual decides to pursue a higher relative income, one will have to do that on the expense of ones personal leisure time, striving to advance in ones flight to earn more money. Assuming that this thirst for status remains unquenched, the individual will be giving up a lot of ones leisure time just to reach that temporary moment of high status and eventually a snowball effect is created where more time, which can be spent on being skilful, is being eroded at the end of the day. The Doubling Effect of IncomesDue to the high tendency of people adapting to higher incom e with higher aspirations (Binswanger, 2006), the desire for more income will never stop. In addition, when an individual earns a certain level of income, one will easily get used to it and short becomes dissatisfied again. To satisfy that individual again, it will mean having to increase ones income with a significant percentage. A study was done to further explain how an individual can only be satisfied when ones income is three-fold sooner of raising by a percentage smaller than 100%.People tend to be happier when their initial income of $10,000 is increased to $20,000 as opposed to those who earns an initial $80,000 and getting an increase to $90,000. For that to feel an equal impact, the initial income of $80,000 should rise to $160,000 instead (Diener, Ng, Harter and Arora, 2010). In terms of percentage, the increase is required to be at least 100% increase for the impact to be significant enough to make an individual happier. In other words, the doubling of an income will give rise to a higher satisfaction level as compared to a relatively smaller increase. carry over 1 Percent Distribution of Population by Happiness at Various Levels of Income, United States, 1994 Table 1 depicts the various income convocations and shows how the doubling of each income group rises the mean happiness rating. As shown, the mean happiness rating for those earning $10,000 is 2. 1 while those earning $20,000 has their rating rising by 0. 2 and as the earnings doubled each time, the rating increases steadily. Counter-argument Money Bring More Opportunity to Happiness Money has a direct correlation to happiness to a certain extent.According to Tatzel (2003), happiness rises when we experience self-esteem, control and optimism, and it decreases when those factors fall. Rise of income increases these personalities, allowing one to attain a higher level of happiness. Self-esteem is the beliefs, thoughts and feelings people have about themselves. It motivates ones attitude an d behavior. People use their money to boost their ego while some use money on retail or food to screen pain or deal with emotional issues. These help them to feel better and contribute to their happiness.Research conduct by Becker (1965), stated quite a a few(prenominal) examples of how money indirectly bring happiness through time-saving inventions. For example, shopping in supermarkets help to save shopping time, vehicles help to cut down time spend on traveling to our destination and communication deceive such as telephones help us to get our message across faster. The key focus here is monetary affluence resulted in more opportunity leading to happiness Being financially stable, one has control the nature of their daily activities.This brought about religious joy as one can go to the movies every weekend, or lavish on gifts for the people he/she love. For the rich, money helps them have pure happiness because they can help bring relief to the suffering millions and the victim s of the disasters. Money can also give us experiences and opportunities that we would otherwise never be able to have Money not only provides a shelter over ones head but also provides assurance, leading to optimism. For example, when faced with illness, stress and idolatry of death will be relieved due to the security that money promises.A man in fear of death ceases to be afraid when he has the needed money, even before he actually cures the illness. Thus, money took away the fear and helps one to be optimistic. There are so many more things that money could be used in exchange for our desires thus, it resulted in a raise in happiness index. Money is one of things that contribute in the bring of being happy. Rebuttal Money cannot buy happiness Money enables the opportunity for happiness, but people more often than not squander away on things that will make them happy but never does so.It only buys illusions of happiness. As such, people have a tendency to shift towards money an d material pleasure. According to Binswanger (2006), all time-saving innovations mentioned by Becker (1965) did not result in time-savings. For instance, e-mails are more convenient than sending letters thus prompting individuals to send more messages through mail as compared to letter than they ever would. Instead of having to read only one letter, there will be an increase in the exchange of teaching resulting in failure of time-saving improvements.Very often, people mentioned that money can increase ones sense of well-being as it does not restrain one from spending more time in leisurely pursuits. For example, watching a musical show or going for a vacation. However in reality, time was wasted on work and traveling, less time was engaged in experienced happiness. Psychologists of Harvard University concluded that wealth increases human happiness when it brings people out of poverty but it does little to increase happiness thereafter. There are people who are wealthy but lonely, while others are poor but happy because they have their close friends, good health and family.Happiness is not just set by one single factor but many others it does not always increase in direct proportion to the amount of money. Conclusion In conclusion, money is necessary but not the obligatory prerequisite for happiness. Individuals may be more satisfied with their life if they have more money, but this does not necessarily mean they will be happier. Money does provide basic needs which leads to happiness as it satisfies ones desire, however this feeling does not prolong when there are more money. In addition, there mustiness be a balance between earning morning and leading a healthy lifestyle.Being absorbed in earning money can easily cause one to forget their actual meaningful tasks such as caring for their families, having time with their friendsetc. They trap themselves in the materialized ambition and lose what are principal(prenominal) to their life. Happiness and content ment are simply poles apart. Being in the upper social status distribution will not ensure a placing in the upper rank of the happiness distribution. However being contented and getting involved in meaningful accomplishments such as help to pave a way to the top of happiness index.

Young People and the Vote Essay Example for Free

juvenility People and the Vote EssaySince the end of the Watergate Era in the mid-1970s, voter participation among those ages 18-30 had been on the decline. (To Be Young and Voting, 2008) However, in the past fifteen years, a reversal of that trend appears to be occurring. Beginning in the Clinton Era, youth participation in the political process has been on the rise. (To Be Young and Voting, 2008) Several reasons apply been put forth for the rise in youth participation in the voting process. Of the various reasons purported, the one that makes the almost sense is an join ond dissatisfaction about the status-quo among junior people. (To Be Young and Voting, 2008) That is, in more recent years, there is a perception among young people that the arna is going in the wrong direction. Evidence indicates a dramatic increase in the interest level of people under the age of thirty in the presidential elections. (Shaw, 2008) Part of the reason behind this is simple. The candidates themselves have been younger. 1992 found the first baby-boomer candidate for a study party, who was only in his 50s at the time of his election. In 2008, Barak Obama is even younger, at 47.Both of these candidates have made concerted efforts to reach the younger demographic. Clinton in 1992 played the saxophone on MTV as part of a get-out-the-vote campaign. Obama has been making similar efforts by appearing on popular TV entertainment shows, such as Letterman, The Daily Show and others. His opponent, John McCain, also appears kinda often on these shows, which indicates that both parties recognize the potential voting strength of the younger demographic. Both campaigns have attempted to use the Internet to attract younger voters.(Nagourney Thee, 2008 The first significant organization effort in history on the internet was initiated by the Obama campaign. (Nagourney Thee, 2008Both candidates make use of websites, e-mail, and viral posting more straightaway than in any time in his tory. It has been suggested that the candidates use of sharing sites such as You-Tube, and social networking sites such as Face Book and My Space have proven to be instrumental in garnering interest among younger voters. In addition to events and activities aimed at younger voters, the major candidates have embraced themes that resonate with the younger demographic..(The youthfulness Vote, 2008) Both major candidates have embraced Change as a central theme. This coincides with a consistent trend among young voters, who tend to support a inequality in the status-quo. .(The Youth Vote, 2008) As with most Americans, younger voters have expressed dissatisfaction with the direction of the country, with nearly half of respondents to a recent poll indicating that the nation was a better place to live in the 1990s than it is now. The popularity of both the sitting President, and the accepted Congress are at historical lows..(The Youth Vote, 2008) Troubles with the economy, gas prices, an d dissatisfaction with the struggle in Iraq have fed the notion of the need for change. (Shaw, 2008) The change theme seems to coincide with some of the more divisive issues in both traditional and modern font partisan politics. .(The Youth Vote, 2008) According to polls, younger people are trending to the republican Party, indicating that the Democrats are doing a superior job convincing young people that they are the party of change.(Nagourney Thee, 2008)An increasing number of young people are socially liberal, with liberal viewpoints on gay marriage, immigration and government programs. (Dionne, 2008) Combined with the perception that the current administration has been doing a poor job on fundamentals such as the economy, the wars in Iraq and Afghanistan, younger people are beginning to flock to the Democratic Party in large numbers. (Dionne, 2008) The character of the various candidates in this election has also sparked interest among younger voters.At various times since t he primary season, the major parties have offered The first viable African American, a female who is the spouse of a former president, a Mormon, and a Former POW. All of these are firsts in major elections in the United States. The Final Four has generated quite a bit of youth interest, as well. Sen. McCains choice of running mate, Alaskan regulator Sarah Palin, was the focus very recently of much attention owing to her youth, style of speaking, and the ability of a very popular actress, Tina Fey, to do a spot-on impression of her.A popular former cast-member of Saturday Night Live, Fey has injected a large political element into a variety show that has long appealed to younger viewers. There has been a marked blood between the two presidential candidates with respect to age. John McCain, at 72 years of age, is the oldest candidate ever to run for president on a major party ticket, while Barak Obama is among the youngest at 47. The Democrats have made a considerable effort to portr ay Sen. McCain as out of touch, noting, among other things, his admitted inability to use the internet.(Nagourney Thee, 2008 Overall, youth participation in the political process in this election cycle has increased for numerous reasons. The primary underlying reason for this increase is a pervasive dissatisfaction with the direction of the country politically, socially, and economically. This, combined with a concentrated effort by both parties to mobilize younger voters, use of internet, and the age contrast of the candidates have combined to produce what may be the largest turnout of voters 18-30 since the voting age was lowered in 1972.ReferencesDionne, E. J. (2008) The Year the Youth Vote Arrives. The Washington Post. July 25th, 2008. Nagourney, A. Thee, M (2007) Young Americans are leaning Left, New Poll Finds. The New York Times. June 27th, 2007. Shaw, M. (2008) Talking Politics. The Wilson Daily Times. Feb 9th, 2008 The Youth Vote (2008) The Washington Times. June 4th, 2 008. To Be Young and Voting (2008) The Christian Science Monitor. May 5th, 2008.

Video Games and Gender

picture show Games and GenderThe origin of video ventures is very different from their use today. The earliest mental institution in video bet ons is the invention of the idea itself. The idea of having an fast changing or moving objects on a dis sportsman that a person could interact with. This idea resulted in the secret plan OXO or Naught and Crosses made by Alexander S. Douglas in 1949 for his Ph.D. thesis on human and information processing system interaction in the University of Cambridge. The mechanism utilized a cathode ray tube as its dis rook unit. (Winter, 1998)OXO however did not exhaust moving images or video rather it was a set series of tubes that lit up in accor jump to the rest of the machine and programming. (Winter, 1998) The idea of using a computer and a dis go craft was a agnize vi internet sited upon in 1958 by William Higinbotham using an oscilloscope and an analog computer, thus Tennis for Two was born. The venture was simple, the 5 inch oscilloscope dis puzzle outed a gritty of tennis which was controlled two players, each with their own controllers and the objective was to keep the relay going as long as possible. The aim of this invention was to liven up the Brookhaven Nuclear query Laboratory exhibit and nothing more. The device was dismantled in 1959. (Nowak, 2008)Early video games were developed for the sake of innovation. The inventors who made them did not trade place them as consumer products rather they were show effects on what the current technology at the time could do. It was in 1971 when Nolan Bushnell made the arcade game c every last(predicate)ed Computer Space where the video game as an industry started. What made this arcade game different was it included a coin slot which meant it was a pay to play machine. It was, however released to a very limited audience because the machine was only avail up to(p) to universities and corporations which had the necessary hardw be to run the arcade machine. It was not until 1972 that video games became widespread among the population with PONG.Research Questions and ObjectivesThe aim of this research is to find fall out the affect of video games on the grammatical gender gap or to be more precise how video games make up the gender gap. What atomic emergence 18 the factors that help increase this get the pictured division among the sexes? Do males and females truly have different interests in video games?Significance of the StudyVideo games atomic number 18 unmatchable of the most prolific forms of media today therefore, just like any other form of media, it ought to be studied. This has a particular relevance to the juvenility who on average play video games the most. Gamers or those who consider themselves hardcore video game players impart find that their favorite byimes argon more interlacing that they thought and go away expand their perspective. P bents who demoralise games for their children leave similarly find studies on video games to be helpful as it will help them gain a better idea on the said topic. Perhaps the one atomic number 18 most in all likelihood to take notice of this atomic number 18 the video game developers who have to power to incorporate the content of much(prenominal) studies in their growth of future games.Scope and LimitationsThis research will be limited to the topic under(a) force field that is, video games and the perceived widening of the gender gap that they cause. For this study, young adults of any gender in the age range of 20 to 30 long time old as it is believed that this is a stage where many another(prenominal) are likely to play video games and be aware of what they think.As for the video games, there will minimal emphasis on the genres and name of the games. Although they have significance, the content and target audience of the video games will be the priority. Because this is a quantitative study of the topic, in-depth interviews and experiments are n ot going to be tackled.Chapter 2Review of Related LiteratureAs Bryce and Rutter note, the most frequently advanced argument concerning the gendered nature of computer drama relates to the representation and outlay of game content. In this study, boys as nearly as young fair sexs in the school students group were confident and experient users of the Sims, with its emphasis on the traditionally feminine sphere of domestic blank space, although they used that space differently, in ways reflective of Jenkins distinction amid risk taking and care taking (Beavis, 2005).It suggested that epoch there were clearly coifs that good gamers utilized to develop expertise, specifically gendered practices could not so easily be identified. Rather, players assignment in specific games, and their attitudes to themselves as prospering or disinterested games players, shaped the ways in which they approached the games and used them in broader contexts of identity construction and display. In seeking to understand more more or less the ways in which young peoples out of school cultivations and experiences around computer games qualification be utilized in the syllabus using ICTs in ways agreeable to both boys and missys, it is important to attend not just to the practices on display, still to issues of identity, purpose and kindly context in do to promote interest, flexibility and expertise.The study of young male and female gamers across these two very specific sites underlines the socially set(p) nature of play, in relation to both classroom and games use. where kins, contexts and purposes move across both on and offline play shape the practices entailed in the students discussion and activities, and the ways they engage with each other and the games. Understandings drawn from the observation of successful girl gamers suggest expertise is not just a matter of specific skills, strategies and familiarity, barely is more broadly located within the complex dynamics of in- and out-of-school discourses and contexts that need to be factored in to the construction of gender-equitable pedagogy and curriculum (Beavis, 2005)In relation to future English curriculum and technology, the study suggested ways forward in implementing the study and utilization of technology. It lends support to the need to focus not just on texts and technology per se, but likewise on the ways in which these are used and aligned with the major adolescent project of identity. This study suggests the need to attend more broadly to such matters in considering how we might plan curriculum across the school that most usefully supports all students to become critical and effective users of technology.In playing computer games, young people are making use of ICTs for their own purposes, in complex and pleasurable ways. Computer games are an important aspect of what Sefton-Green describes as a wider ecology of education where schools, home, playtime, the library and muse um all play a part . As such, they are a valuable site for exploring the ways in which new and older forms of literacy and multimodality combine, changing understandings of what constitutes text and exercise and providing insights into the highly effective learning principles incorporated into games as an essential precondition of commercial success and play.However, as Facer and others point out, much games research, while identifying the power of games and play to generate motivation or hard fun fails to recognize the social contexts in which games, fun and learning take place. They focus on the characteristics of the activity itself, on see issues, rather than on the players experience, attitudes and interests.As social geographers Soja, Skelton and Valentine Holloway and Valentine suggest, context and location play an important role both in the construction of meaning and the organic law of identity and community, for young people as for others. It is not helpful to over gene ralize about games and gender regardless of the widespread temptation to do so.Citing Haraway on the need for a politics of location, Ang argues for a particularistic perspective for research into gender and media consumption. She asserts the fundamental instability of the role of gender in media consumption practice and the impossibility of assuming pre-articulated gender identities. Gendered practices, she argues, are shaped at the site of interaction with media technologies, with both gender and media consumption both needing to be problematized. As Charles have argued elsewhere, Angs observations suggest that gendered identities do not simply pre-exist the act and location of game play. Rather, they are actively formed and constituted through particular instances of game play in particular contexts.These two sites then, provided very different but particular instances in which to explore the ways in which the boys, girls and young women in our study pursue with computer games, and the meanings both the games and their involvement with them had for them. With the school students, we were very aware of the heightened artificiality of the research site. Even for those students who played computer games at home, the presence of games in the classroom, hitched to curricular activities and purposes, was likely to change important aspects of their class period and play. We were conscious of the ways in which texts and purposes often change when appropriated for institutional purposes, and the powerful effects of location on both reading and identity, consistent with the socially situated nature of literacy practices.During interviews and observations of the students, we found both continuities and contradictions between the ways they played and presented themselves during the classroom lessons and what they told us of their game playing and leisure favorences and activities at their friends places and at home. In the case of the young women in the Counterstrik e clan at the internet caf there was less dissonance between the research site and the interviews, and a closer approximation to a more natural ethnographic study was possible.An argument often made is computer culture (and by extension, computer software) could be positively transformed through the integration of girls and womens insights (AAUW, 2000,). Our research seeks to test this assumption. If the assumption is true, then the gender of a software objectiveer in a setting where she can express her true perspectives and preferences would be expected to have a measurable impact on her design process and/or her design outcome.The proposition should be tested. If we document that gender of the designer does influence the software design outcome, this compelling result could help motivate the computer industry to conflate girls and women onto their teams. It would also advance our understanding of the impact of gender on design.The often proposed solution of involving more women and girls in game design assumes that game designers create games which are arouseing to themselves. The expectation that girl-designed games will appeal more to girls than boy-designed games presumes that by growing up girl, or growing up boy, a designer embodies many kind of implicit understanding of what appeals not just to themselves, but to their gender and this will naturally be reflected in the designs they create (Heeter,2004). .Considerable research has been conducted on girls and games, including get along of game play by gender, genre and play style preferences, spatial orientation gender differences, and a variety of recommendations of what girl-friendly games should be like. These studies often conclude with a call to involve more women in game design. But the presumption that doing so will result in games which appeal to girls has not been tested.Issues of girls and their gaming preferences are explored through observations of computer games sessions at an all-girl state school. What emerged is that preferences are alterable, and site specific. Gaming selections relate to the attributes of particular games but they also depend on a players actualisation of these attributes and the pleasures they entail. Players pile up these competencies and they are an assemblage, made up of former(prenominal) experiences, and subject to situation and context (Carr,2005).So, what computer games do girls like? The answer is that it depends. Socialization whitethorn well play its part, yet our gaming preferences will also depend on where we are, what we know, who we know, what weve tried, and what weve grown tired of. Distinctions in taste between male and female players reflect patterns in games overture and consumption that spring from (very) gendered cultural and social practices. As this suggests, accounts of gaming preference need to be situated within a textile that incorporates reference to players previous access to games and existing gaming knowl edge. Gaming preferences need to be conceptualized within a paradigm that can accommodate mobility, increment, learning and alteration. antithetic people will accumulate particular gaming skills, knowledge and frames of reference, according to the patterns of access and peer culture they encounter and these accumulations will pool as predispositions, and unambiguous as preferences. Familiarity and competence lean into a players experiences of gaming, partly determining the pleasures that he or she will expect, recognize and access, and thereby impacting on preferences that might be show as a result. Preferences are an assemblage, made up of past access and positive experiences, and subject to situation and context. The constituents of preference (such as access) are shaped by gender and, as a result, gaming preferences manifest along gendered lines. It is not delicate to generate information that will indicate that gendered tastes exist, but it is short comprehend to divorce such preferences from the heterogeneous practices that form them. To attribute gaming tastes directly, solely or primarily to an individual subjects gender, is to risk underestimating the complexities of both subjectivity and preference.The constituents of preference, such as access, are for certain shaped by gender. As a result, gaming preferences may manifest along gendered lines. It is not difficult to generate data indicating that gendered tastes exist, but it is short sighted to divorce these outcomes from the various practices that contribute to their formation.So, what computer games do girls like? The answer is that it depends. Socialization may well play its part, yet our gaming preferences will also depend on where we are, what we know, who we know, what weve tried, and what weve grown tired of. Distinctions in taste between male and female players reflect patterns in games access and consumption that spring from (very) gendered cultural and social practices. As this sug gests, accounts of gaming preference need to be situated within a framework that incorporates reference to players previous access to games and existing gaming knowledge. Gaming preferences need to be conceptualized within a paradigm that can accommodate mobility, increment, learning and alteration.Different people will accumulate particular gaming skills, knowledge and frames of reference, according to the patterns of access and peer culture they encounter and these accumulations will pool as predispositions, and manifest as preferences. Familiarity and competence feed into a players experiences of gaming, partly determining the pleasures that he or she will expect, recognize and access, and thereby impacting on preferences that might be expressed as a result. Preferences are an assemblage, made up of past access and positive experiences, and subject to situation and context.The constituents of preference (such as access) are shaped by gender and, as a result, gaming preferences m anifest along gendered lines. It is not difficult to generate data that will indicate that gendered tastes exist, but it is short sighted to divorce such preferences from the various practices that form them. To attribute gaming tastes directly, solely or primarily to an individual subjects gender, is to risk underestimating the complexities of both subjectivity and preference.Given that computer gaming is routinely claimed to be more popular and more frequently engaged in by males, it is seems a reasonable extrapolation that the activities and practices which constitute computer gaming are also gendered. Indeed, these are the activities which desexualise computer gaming as a social practice. It is the negotiated experiences of everyday gaming which give a reality to game texts and realise the socially situated nature of gaming activities.The gendering of gaming experiences is, in part, related to sciences of gendered game content and notions of gender roles and appropriate leisur e activities. It has been suggested that females are more affiliative and nurturing, preferring leisure activities which have a stronger social aspect. This, when linked to a general (but largely empirically unsupported) perception that gaming is not a social activity, but a solitary activity for male nerds or geeks, seems to quite neatly offer a pretense for understanding gendered gaming. However, such an argument is essentialist and circular in nature, ignoring the actual negotiation and opposite which occurs within gaming strategies.This raises two issues which relate to the gendering of computer gaming firstly access and alliance in gaming activity is restricted and exclusion is experienced at a local direct. Secondly, that exclusion creates expectations of rejection which, together with the identification of gaming as a male activity, discourages women from attempting to enter into gaming practices or associating themselves with being a gamer. Indeed comparative studies of the frequency of gaming in males and females may also reflect a lack of self-identification as a gamer by females who may perceive themselves as casual or infrequent gamers who have a more casual commitment to the activity.While neither of the propositions outlined are inaccurate, the circular relationship argued to exist between them does not offer a position for gamers and police detectives to examine the origins of, or a means to break out of the cycle. Indeed, as was previously argued, when we tincture at gaming developments there is little doubt that computer gaming is an increasingly social and public leisure activity and one that is cross-gender. This is highlighted by the development of gaming communities and networks. It is apparent that gaming practices are undergoing rapid social and technical changes and at the same time it is noticeable that gendered perceptions of gaming are changing. This is demonstrated by groups such as grrl gamers, female online gaming clans and web communities, all of which have been successfully discussed elsewhere. This is not a phenomenon unique to gaming and is consistent with the increased participation offemales in other leisure activities which have been previously perceived to be male (e.g., football, rugby and extreme sports).In such activities female players and gamers are not only seeking parity with male counterparts, but are adopting and enacting oppositional stances to categoriZations of gender appropriateness, access to leisure activities and consumption. Although we do not wish to argue in a Fiskean sense that all gaming is an act of political challenge, it is possible to understand female gaming within a context of resistance to the constraints placed on female leisure in contemporary society. This is most clear in areas where visible female participation in manly leisure activities challenges ascendent gender stereotypesCrucially however, it is not necessary to look towards spectacular acts of oppositio n or web-based presentations of the self to see evidence of the gendering of gaming activities and the routine exclusion of female gamers. Schott Horrell successfully begin to unravel the routine and everyday manner in which gaming is negotiated in domestic settings. They demonstrate how tear down in homes in which the gaming machine belongs to a female member of the family it is fathers, brothers or cousins who take control of the technology as part of what they claim to be support or collaborative play Access to the technology and the gaming is controlled by the male player who assumes the role of expert by interpolating the female gamer into a subordinate role. The technology and its use creates an surroundings in which girl gamers are reproduced as not being skilled or technological competent enough to compete with the boys.Such behaviour reproduces the perception of computer gaming as a masculine activity and its relationship to its technological nature. Indeed it has been e ffectively argued that technology incorporates masculine culture and as such excludes females through the promotion of the idea of female technological inferiority and the gendering of technological artIfacts Given that such technologies are central to computer gaming practices and activities, their perception as masculine is a vital, but often ignored, aspect of the gendering of gaming. Like the experience of gendered spaces it is a form of gendered exclusion which is experienced, negotiated and reproduced at a routine and everyday level and further contributes to the lack of visibilityof the female gamer.This critical evaluation of the gendering of computer gaming suggests that despite evidence of the gendering of activities and spaces associated with computer gaming, there is growing evidence that females do play computer games and this may be altering the perception of this activity as masculine. This may also provide a means of challenging the plethoric view of female technolo gical inferiority by changing gendered perceptions of technological abilities.This places emphasis on the ability to use technological skills and knowledge whilst emphasising competition in a variety of leisure spaces. The negotiation and reconstruction of gender identities through computer gaming is consistent with the notion of leisure spaces and activities as sites of resistance to dominant concepts of masculinity and femininity.Chapter 3Conceptual FrameworkIn the toy industry, manufacturers principal(prenominal)tain that, once sexual difference kicks in after three years old, they are only responding to what the child market wants they are not creating a gendered demand, it is simply out there. All the many efforts that the toy industry has made to sell cross-gender toys and so find new markets have failed. Most do not even get to market. Cars as people who speak have held no appeal to girls, even if dolls in the sense of action figures have endlessly appealed to boys.Elect ronic toys have little appeal to girls. Girls prefer pink and purple, boys prefer black orange, red and silver. We might wish otherwise, but these are the facts. Yet in recent years, the rise of feminine values has, still more than the rise in female employment, brought about a modest convergence between male and female roles in UK society. Aleks Krotoski is not alone in recognising that the same computer games can now appeal to both sexes even if Sheri Rainer Greys capture of the term gender inclusive for the computer games industry leaves a little to be desired (if gender inclusive, then wherefore not our old friend, Unisex?).Nevertheless, the differences between games for women and games for men appear enduring ones.Computer games figure hardly, if at all, in the work of prominent feminists such as the late Andrea Dworkin, or Catherine MacKinnon. Yet in putting forward the view that pornography is the same thing as male force-out, these authors have probably had a subtle influ ence on feminist thinking about computer games. No matter how great the take-up of games among girls and women, the continuing tastelessness of many masculine games is seen misanthropically as an enduring sign that mens horrid, aggressive lust for power, and indeed mens lust, will always be with us.People see human nature as the one exception to todays endlessly alleged world of accelerating change. Yet today human nature is more protean than it ever has been. Some sex differences will always endure, being biologically founded but many will not, having social roots. Much that might endure turns out not to.Computer games dont transform teenagers into monsters. Yet they do involve, and will involve, a modest augmentation of our faculties. With his usual hyperbole, Sunday Times philosopher Brian Apple yard says that games are ontological prosthetics, artificial extensions into alternate conditions of being, independent of our rotting carcasses. 215 Still, games are indeed a small part of the extended human mind today. They do contribute to transformations in what it means to be human.Neither nurture in the sense of the parenting and schooling of children, nor nature as explained by the new disciplines of neurology and evolutionary psychology, can fully account for those transformations. In this sense, the answer to Q1 are the differences between men and women around the making and use of computer games to do with culture or biology? is simple enough. The differences that exist are not set in stone. References to culture and biology as direct and proximate causes of these differences fail to grasp this. They have more in common with description than explanation.Chapter 4MethodThis is a qualitative/quantitative study. The descriptive research method was used for this thesis. The descriptive research design studies what is. It is a plan, structure and strategy so conceived in order to get answers to research questions or problems. It is a write-up of existing eve nts, situation or phenomenon. It also involves description of classification and enumeration of collated data (Rebustes and Salvador, 2006).The descriptive research design also seeks to determine relationships between variables, explores causes of phenomena, tests hypotheses, and develops generalizations, principles or theories on the basis of its conclusions. While its essential concern are conditions and things which exist at the time of the study, it also considers past events and influences which are deemed related to what is studied in the present (Ardales, 2008).For this research, a survey will distributed via questionnaires to a population of about fifty persons. Alongside this survey, an online survey will also be done a population of at least twenty is expected.The Instrument and the Data Gathering ProcedureThe researcher used primary sources in gathering the data. This was undertaken by preparing a survey questionnaire. To assist the researcher in validating the sources, information were sourced from newspapers, journals, digests, books, and the Internet.The researcher used a self-made but literature-based survey questionnaire to gather primary data. The questionnaire includes items that apply a 5-point Likert master to gather the numerical equivalent of the responses..Statistical Treatment of DataThe data were counted, tabulated and analyzed. The statistical manipulation of data were frequency, percentage and mean.FrequencyPercentage% = n / N x 100where % = percentagen = number of classificationn = total number of respondentMean f x sTM = Nwhere = Summationf = frequency in each scales = scale of responseN = total number of respondentVideo Games and GenderVideo Games and GenderPlaying online game help reinforce gendered identitiesA case studies in women playing auditory modality Online game in VietnamIntroductionThe apparent of gendered space in video gaming give the attention to both researcher and game makers, creating considerable and confl icting perspectives on its cause and strategies to address it. Before that, the gamer developers just concentrate to create the games for men and forgot that we have a big market segment is women. In many games, we can see most of characters are men and woman have unimportant role in these games. Despite game online began in Vietnam in 2000s, with growing numbers of games for both men and women, gaming continues to be a very gendered practice. Women play more online casual games such as The Sims. The same product like The Sims launched in 2006 created a big echo and has remained a position until now. The development of woman game is an indispensable normal when male market was not a fertile land. In this essay, the researcher will chose Audition Online to be a genre, and this research aim is analyzing internet users to finding how they (game players) reinforce their identities in the online world.The game is Audition Online 2 Rhythm of life (Vietnamese Nhp iu Cuc Sng), is a downlo adablemultiplayer online casualrhythm game (MMORGs), This game is the first online music in Vietnam with a play based on the control characters represent hip hop trip the light fantastic toe music on the popular music of Vietnam and the world is remade style dance music.Gender and gendered spaceIt is the fact that the terminology within gender theory literature varies, it is important to define the terms used. It is first vital to establish the difference between gender and sex. According to Renzetti Curran (2003), a biological given, sex (i.e., maleness or femaleness) is used as the basis for constructing a social category that we call gender (i.e., man or woman). Gender socially generated attributes and behaviors, usually organized in a binary, dichotomously as masculinity and femininity (follow, Behrmann, 2011). Genderrefers to the socially constructed roles, behaviors, activities, and attributes that a given society considers appropriate for men and women. To put it another wa y Male and female are sex categories, while masculine and feminine are gender categories (WHO, 2014).In the Anthropology of Apace and Place, Low and Lawrence-Zuniga (2003) offer us the following definition of gendered spaces particular locales that cultures invest with gendered meanings, sites in which sex-differentiated practices occur, or settings that are used strategically to inform identity and produce and reproduce asymmetrical gender relation of power and authority (flow Adelman Moraes, 2008, p. 107). Gendered space separate women from knowledge used by men to produce and reproduce and privilege. (Spain, 1992, p. 3)MethodThis essay use documentary analysis method. The data is secondary data come from many resources, such as books, book chapters, essays, interviews, discussions, newspaper headlines and articles, historical documents, speeches, conversations, advertising, theater, informal conversation, or really any occurrence of communicative language (Bowen, 2009). Robson (2002) pointed out the advantage is that documents are unobtrusive and can be used without imposing on participants they can be checked and re-checked for reliability.Audition is distinctive in its open-endless, oblation players a majority variety of potential gaming character styles, Audition offered a particularly useful for exploring how gender how gender might have influenced the womens orientations and practices within the games (information about the game, see http//au.vtc.vn)The Figured World of Audition Small society of AuditionAudition online allow players create and develop character by selecting attributes at beginning and throughout the game marking choices the dance style and fashion. The game officially begins with four locations Discotheque (Broadcasting Station) where you compete with other players via the vibrant dance. haunt Shopping (Shopping Mall) where you buy music or, or train costumes and other accessories idiosyncratic. Cafe (Cafe) where you meet and ge t acquainted with the other partner through the chat system. interior(a) (My Home) where you practice, hone the spectacular dance moves, personalized avatars and the stage itself.In certain respects, it is similar to Audition popular simulation game The Sims. The girl will certainly enjoyed his return home (My Home) after each show to open separate room or decorate the house according to your individual interests, and personalization stage and avatar. If you do not want to dance anymore, you can visit cafes to communicate, make friends with other members. When you have found the dancer having the same level, you will have more self-reliance to back new Discotheque where you can performances in double dance or dance group. Store (Shopping Mall) is not only a place for the girl love to shop but also a place for the boy proved dating level with the partner. There are two fields to choose from Music and Fashion. Music is the place where you can listen to and buy music for their own c ollections, while fashion is where the purchase of costumes for the characters. In addition to the usual items bought by Den (online money), you can buy some goods especially in Cash. You can rent (1 week, 1 month) or permanent purchase items with Cash. In addition, you can also gift (with the purchase of this item) to another player mode Gift box.Players can choose the gender of the character, the physical elements like height, size breakdown, hair color, face, eye color. Players also choose outfits and design their own home. Players can shape their own kind of dance they participate by choosing halls and rooms of different competitions. Join in the dance room, depending on the type of dance class and you will receive experience points and Den (game currency), respectively.Experience point helps you level up to gain access to the level is higher(prenominal), the higher challenges as well as adding new songs.Den help players improve accessories for character, create a difficult styl e of character.Building new identity as newcomer playerSome researchers have focused on the opportunities that video gaming provides for experimenting with new identities, identities that might challenge dominant conceptions of gender roles. The way that each woman oriented toward Audition as a gamer were clearly influenced by the ways that she had come to understand herself clearly and her identity in the past. In this section, I will discuss several aspects of their game experience their initial creation of physical appearance, how the game seemed to encourage exploration of new identities within the games.Graner (2004, follow Hayes, 2007) suggested three main factors about gender differences in gaming of women include (1) woman want to achieve something socially significant and beneficial, (2) women want errors delete and to continue in the game, (3) women prefer observe model game play. Firstly, newbies showed quite different orientations to learning how to play the game, provi ding good examples of the diverse ways that new gamers might orient to game play (Hayes, 2007). While Audition is open-ended, it does have a series of quests that move the player central storyline, that of developing player identity as icon fashion and dancer. For some players, the success in the game will open a chance to famous in the real world. Many player joined Miss Audition competition, and become a hot-girl, famous singers, dancers, and actors. Some player learned the fashion trend and knowledge by seeing the new style in the online store, and adapting to grammatical construction their real style in the real world. The women were more motivated by the significance of their own personal goals rather than by any particular goals offered by the game itself (Hayes, 2007). For example, Bao Thy is one of the most teenager singer develop her career from Audition. In 2006, Thy participated Miss Audition, the girl have nickname Lona to performed 2 song and dance copy from game, and won the crown.Secondly, Audition is a relatively forgiving game the players can save at any point and never death. For example, After many hours of game play with hip-hop style dance, the players can choose other dance room, and chose other avatar, other appearance when players did not like current status. Players may see this as a test, and can completely change his style, which creates a new identity for their characters. This test is the same as a process of learning and perfecting their style of play and his style. Players can spend so many times to experiment with different styles to choose a style that you really want.Thirdly, it is very difficult to predict the preferences of new gamers. How a new gamer will approach learning to play a game will be reflective of her goals and self-confidence (Hayes, 2007). Of course, showed a variety of learning model, and not all games are as flexible. In addition, each player struggled with learning to navigate the game space, and their per sonal goals combined with the drive of a course requirement contributed to their persistence.Playing like a girl? The meanings of gendered practicesWomen have different interpretations of and responses to overtly gendered practices within video games, just as they do in the real world. Take as one example the assertion that women prefer games that allow them to develop cooperative social relationships, rather than games that feature violence as the main form of social interaction (Goodale, 2004).Audition offers somewhat unlimited opportunities for cooperative social relationships, concentrating in talking and sharing. In Audition Online game, the players were able to take very different approaches to developing their characters abilities, which also meant that they acquired quite different sorts of knowledge, skills and even real money related to the game. Players contact together and build social relationship within the game, which developed their characters personality skills.Pla yers share the experience and skills to be able to earn points through which virtual money to buy clothes, houses. From here, creating a rivalry between the players, people have to spend money to buy things other people to assert their position in the game. However, there are still players only buy fashionable clothes based on the score they actually earn. Audition allows players to increase the persuasiveness of their character by supply them with attractive clothing. Player changed their clothes often, in response to different situations in the game. In addition, Audition has done a good job of connecting players through the model of little family. In particular, the function of Marriage and Childbirth in game helped improve friendship, love blossomed from the virtual world into the real world steps.Enjoying feminine engagementCombat is typically used as an example of masculine practice commonly found in video games that women do not find appealing. In Audition, the no blood com bat is equally fierce, women often expressed an initial desire to avoid fighting, woman players combat differently, in relation to their own past experience and goals. When it became apparent that fighting was unavoidable, at least for self-defense, they both improvised identities and practices that allowed them to engage in combat in ways that they found comfortable and recognize (Hayes, 2007). Some player want to become famous fashion icon in games lead them to join in the race of buying fashion. They enjoyed competition, particularly to harbour leader role in dance room.ReferencesAdelman, M. and Moraes, F. A (2008). Breaking their way in Women jockeys at the racetrack in Brazil. Advancing Gender Research from the 19th to the Twenty-First Centuries. Advances in Gender Research, Volume 12, p. 99-123.Behrmann, Erika M., Investigating Trait Attribution through Gendered Avatar Play An Analysis of The Sims 3 (2011). Master s Theses and doctorial Dissertations. Paper 372.Debitage (2 014). Gender and Sexuality. Debitage.net. Available from http//debitage.net/humangeography/gender.html. Accessed 15th Nov 2014.Goodale, G. (2004). Games women play. 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